In the past decades, cancer has been treated as an isolated malignant cell, while the extracellular matrix, which plays a major role in cancer cell growth and migration, has been greatly neglected. Cancers have great molecular genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity and vary greatly in their sensitivity to therapy, while some have primary drug resistance mechanisms. As tumors grow, energy supply exceeds demand, leading to anaerobic metabolism and the formation of an acidic microenvironment under hypoxic conditions, which is altered by immune escape; increased oxygen ion radicals (ROS), leading to DNA damage; DNA damage in turn causes cell cycle checkpoint defects, chromosomal instability and aneuploidy alterations. All these metabolic abnormalities cause unrestricted proliferation and reduced or absent therapeutic response of cancer cells Malignant tumors have the following ten characteristics: 1. self-sufficient growth/proliferation signals; 2. resistance to growth inhibitory signals; 3. blocked apoptosis; 4. unlimited replication potential; 5. sustained angiogenesis; 6. infiltration/metastatic properties; 7. immune escape; 8. stress response: (1) metabolic stress: lactate formation; (2) Proteotoxic stress: heat shock protein response for tumor growth; (3) mitotic stress: chromosome instability; (4) oxidative stress: free radical formation; (5) DNA damage stress: DNA double-strand breaks. 9. stromal pro-tumor effects; 10. inflammatory mediators pro-tumor proliferation.