As we all know, whenever a surgical procedure is performed, we are bound to face a problem of surgical indication and timing. The surgical indication is the question of whether the surgery should be done or not, and this problem is relatively easy to solve. For children with precardiac disease, especially those with combined pneumonia and heart failure, the timing of surgery becomes a problem that cardiac surgeons and pediatric internists must face. As we all know, the best time to do surgery is when all other parts and organs are completely free of problems or at least within the range of compensation, except for the disease at the surgery site. For children with pneumonia and heart failure, it is difficult to reach this standard, and some children do not even reach this standard at all. What is the way out for these children? Some units that see these children recommend treatment of pneumonia and heart failure in units with better strength in pediatric internal medicine, which is a more responsible approach and is the most appropriate approach for most children. For those children who have difficulty controlling their condition, especially those who need to stay in the monitoring room or even need assisted breathing, and whose condition is still not well controlled after reasonable medical treatment, it may be the most appropriate choice to find a relatively reasonable time for surgical treatment if the condition allows. We treat dozens of such children every year, and some of them even come to the hospital for emergency surgery on the same day. There is a 1-year-old child in the general ward who has been treated out of hospital for pneumonia and heart failure for more than 2 months and was dying when he came in, having used almost all the broad-spectrum antibiotics available. Continuing medical treatment would certainly be a continuation of out-of-hospital treatment and would defeat the purpose of transferring to our hospital. Since the child’s lung infection was too severe and it was too risky to do extracorporeal circulation surgery, we communicated with the parents and gave the child a palliative surgery (pulmonary artery circumferential surgery, BANDING). This has created a chance for the child to survive. When I asked about the medical history, I found out that this child was not seriously ill to this extent from the beginning, but his condition gradually worsened during the long process of treating pneumonia and heart failure and waiting for the time to operate.