What is sleep walking disorder?

  Sleep walking disorder is most often associated with a history of sleep terrors, with an incidence of 1-15% and a peak incidence at 4-8 years of age, often remitting after adolescence. If it persists into adulthood, many scholars believe that there is an underlying psychopathology. Polysomnography confirms that it begins in stages 3-4 of sleep, often at the end of the 1st and 2nd slow wave sleep. The patient sits up suddenly during sleep, is hazy in consciousness, does not answer questions, fumbles in bed constantly, or wanders down to the floor, or does some daily actions, may wander out and mumble. Aimless wandering, carrying and furniture for no apparent reason, eating inappropriately, urinating in boxes and cabinets, walking outside the house, and rarely may drive. Affected patients often open their eyes wide, but are unable to communicate with the sleeping walker. Frenzied or aggressive behavior, use of weapons such as knives or guns, or calm hanging activities (e.g., stepping out of windows, wandering outside the house) can injure or kill oneself or others. Homicidal sleep walking disorder has been reported. Sleep walking disorder often occurs after 15 minutes-2 hours of sleep and can be seen in adults during any sleep period, with varying durations. Accidental injuries can sometimes occur. Episodes last from a few minutes to half an hour. After the seizure, the person may go to bed or fall asleep on the floor on his or her own and cannot recall what happened upon awakening. Highly synchronized d waves are seen in the EEG and elevated waves are seen in the EMG during the seizure. The diagnosis needs to be differentiated from nocturnal partial epilepsy, which has epileptiform EEG discharges during light sleep and seizures during the day. Treatment is available with benzodiazepines or tricyclics.