Neonatal pneumonia can be divided into two categories: aspiration pneumonia and infectious pneumonia. Aspiration pneumonia is caused by inhalation of amniotic fluid, meconium, milk, etc. Infectious pneumonia can be caused by bacteria, viruses, chlamydia, etc. Both may occur before, during or after delivery and manifest as faster breathing, nasal agitation, nodding breathing, foaming at the mouth, purple lips, poor appetite, fever or low body temperature.
I. Living environment after discharge from hospital
1. Choose a south-facing room with sufficient sunlight and air circulation for the baby’s room;
2. Room temperature 22℃~24℃, can be adjusted with the help of air conditioner or heater;
3, indoor relative humidity at 55% to 65%, dry room can be put a pot of water;
4, keep the indoor air fresh, regular ventilation, 30 minutes a day in winter, to avoid convective wind;
5. Avoid noise as much as possible, in order to facilitate the baby’s sleep and rest.
II. Post-discharge medication
1. Generally, no medication is needed after discharge;
2. If medication is needed, it should be administered according to the doctor’s prescription, and should not be increased or decreased at will.
III. Post-discharge review
1. Generally, there is no need for re-examination, but if there is a doctor’s order for re-examination, you should follow the doctor’s order;
2. Go to the local maternal and child health institution regularly for the infant’s routine physical examination;
3. If the infant does not cry, does not move much, refuses to eat or eats less milk, or has a blue face, send him/her to the hospital promptly for medical consultation.
IV. How to feed
1, advocate adherence to breastfeeding, breast milk is the best food for infants; breastfeeding will be held in a reclined position, do not lie down to eat milk; breastfeeding requires patience, feeding on demand, to a small number of times is appropriate; when the mother is suffering from acute and chronic infectious diseases, or the use of drugs, you need to consult a doctor to decide whether to breastfeed;
2. To use formula feeding, you should use infant formula and configure the milk in strict accordance with the instructions of the formula; milk utensils and eating utensils should be sterilized before use, and generally need to continue to boil in boiling water for more than 10 minutes; each time with the right amount of milk, the remaining milk should be discarded; test the temperature of the milk at the wrist before feeding, in order not to burn your hands; choose a suitable teat, the size of the teat hole should be appropriate, so that the milk can The teat hole should be the right size so that the milk can drip out continuously.
3. Add complementary foods on time as the baby grows older.
V. Attention to home care after discharge from hospital
1. The baby’s clothes should be increased or decreased according to the season and temperature changes, so that the baby’s hands and feet are warm and sweat-free;
2. Hold the baby more often, pat its back, check whether the nostrils are clear, and remove the secretions from the nostrils in time;
3. Avoid blocking the baby’s mouth and nose or pressing the chest to keep the airway open;
4, keep the baby’s skin clean, according to the season to decide the number of baths: summer can be a daily bath, winter can be 1-2 times a week bath; bath room temperature at 30 ℃, water temperature 38 ℃ ~ 40 ℃ is appropriate; after the bath thoroughly dried to prevent cold.
5. Generally, the umbilical cord can fall off within 15 days. Avoid taking a tub bath before the cord falls off and take care of the umbilical cord. Clean the area with hydrogen peroxide and apply povidone iodine solution to keep the area clean and dry. If local redness, swelling and secretion are found. It is necessary to go to the hospital for consultation ;
6, prevention of disease and accidents: vaccination on schedule, winter and spring, so that the baby appropriate sun, less crowded public places; such as family members suffering from respiratory diseases, when contact with the baby can wear a mask; use a fenced crib, do not put sharp, sharp and small objects toys in the baby can reach places to prevent accidental injury or accidental absorption; do not easily floating objects above the crib to prevent When vomiting occurs, quickly turn the baby’s head to the side and pat its back, promptly remove the milk from its mouth and nose, and dry its face.
The correct way to give medicine to children.
1, note that drugs and breast milk can not be taken at the same time;
2, tablet drugs, first crushed and dissolved in sugar water, with a bottle or small spoon feeding; syrup tired drugs, should first shake evenly after taking;
3. Do not feed the medicine when the child is crying or making noise, so as not to accidentally inhale the airway.