Acute urticaria: The attack is acute, with generalized itching and the occurrence of wind clusters after scratching. The clusters may fuse with each other or become map-like damage. The mucous membranes may also be involved, with swelling of the lips and mouth and edema of the larynx, resulting in respiratory distress and even asphyxia. The lesions tend to fade within a few hours, but new lesions occur over and over again. Fever may be present throughout the body, usually within 39°C. There may be abdominal pain or gastric distention in the intestines. Some may also have diarrhea. Severe patients may also have a drop in blood pressure, dizziness, chest tightness, etc. Very rarely, shock reactions may also occur. Treatment should be given promptly. Most patients have only the symptoms of itching of the wind mass and no other symptoms. Acute urticaria recommends getting rid of allergens (drugs, foods, infections, environmental factors, etc.) and seeking immediate medical attention. Take oral antihistamines (Keratan, Kestin, etc.), apply symptomatic medication (compound camphor ointment), and remember to scratch, otherwise the more you scratch, the more you itch. Do not apply either hot or cold compresses! If there is breath-holding, breathlessness, stomach distension and abdominal pain, vomiting and diarrhea, shock and other emergencies, you need to immediately untie the collar, belt, clear the airway, lie on the right side to avoid accidental aspiration of vomit into the lungs, and hormone/adrenaline treatment. Chronic urticaria: If the onset of urticaria lasts for more than 1.5 months, it can be diagnosed as chronic urticaria. Common causes are: 1. Food allergies: seafood (especially shelled seafood), beef and mutton, eggs, milk, peanuts and other protein-rich foods are most common. If the corresponding allergic food is detected in the allergen test, it must be strictly abstained from eating for 1-3 months, and then alternately for 3-6 months. Allergens to be tested again Spicy foods can aggravate the symptoms, such as chili peppers, raw onion, raw garlic, yuan onion, garlic table, leek, etc. Should also avoid eating. 2, drugs: such as penicillin, sulfonamides, dysentery, serum vaccines, etc., often trigger urticaria through the immune mechanism. And aspirin, morphine, atropine, vitamin B1 and other drugs for histamine release, can directly make mast cells release histamine to trigger urticaria. 3, infection: including viruses (such as influenza virus, hepatitis virus), bacteria (such as Staphylococcus aureus), fungi and parasites (such as roundworms, etc.). The ash piles in the nooks and crannies at the bottom of our beds and the wind and dust swept up by high winds contain more Penicillium, so susceptible people need to often clean up the dead corners of the room and wear masks when they go out. 4, animal and plant factors: such as insect bites or inhalation of pollen, feathers, dander, etc. The dander accumulated on bed sheets and bedding contains a large number of dust mites, so it is necessary to change bed sheets regularly. 5, physical factors: such as cold and heat, sunlight, friction and pressure can cause. In addition, gastrointestinal diseases, metabolic disorders, endocrine disorders and mental factors can also be caused. When the autoimmune system decreases, the symptoms will worsen. To treat chronic urticaria, the first step is to identify the cause, remove allergic and aggravating factors, take desensitizing (loratadine, cetirizine, epinephrine, imipramine, etc.) drugs, and improve immunity (intramuscular injection of Skidmore, oral pidomod, transfer factor. 3 months for a course of treatment. Antihistamines are given orally until there is no new rash for at least 2 consecutive weeks, then the dose is reduced to 2 times a week and adhered to for 3 weeks before stopping. Cholinergic urticaria: When subjected to heat, mental stress, intake of hot food or drink, or after exercise, the body temperature increases slightly and the heat-increasing blood flow stimulates the thermoregulatory center of the brain, excites cholinergic nerves and releases acetylcholine; if allergic to this chemical, the patient can have an allergic reaction. Treatment: First of all, attention should be paid to avoiding various triggering factors. Do not take drugs containing aspirin. Take oral antihistamines, such as Petragynine, Crestor, Cyproheptadine, one tablet per night. Prevention: You should keep your body cool, avoid sweating, avoid heat, mental stress, eating hot drinks or alcoholic beverages, etc. Cold urticaria: when exposed to cold conditions, itchy and windy skin appears. The lesions may be confined to exposed or contact areas or may be generalized, may involve the oral mucosa, and may even manifest as headache, chills, diarrhea, and tachycardia. It is common in winter. Cold drinks and cold foods should be avoided, and swimming should be avoided (there have been occasional cases of death by asphyxiation after jumping into a pool and triggering an urticaria attack). Treatment is based on eliminating the cause (e.g. food allergy, drug allergy) and taking oral antihistamines.