1. If sperm can be found in testicular biopsy, should the patient choose surgical treatment or second generation IVF treatment? Testicular biopsy can find sperms, which means it is definitely possible to give birth to biological offspring through second-generation IVF; however, if it can be clearly defined that the azoospermia is caused by obstruction and the condition of the female partner permits (the female partner’s fallopian tube is blocked, and the age of the female partner is older than 38 years old, it is recommended to choose IVF), microsurgery can be chosen as the treatment to pursue a natural pregnancy. 2.Will vasovaso-epididymitis anastomosis cause sexual dysfunction? No. It will not affect sexual function. 3.When can the patient urinate normally after the surgery and when can the patient be discharged from the hospital? After the anastomosis, a urinary catheter will be left in place for 24 hours. After the catheter is removed, the patient can urinate normally. Because the surgery itself is less traumatic, the patient can be discharged from the hospital in 1-2 days after the surgery. 4.How long after the surgery can I have sex? You can start to have sex 4 weeks after surgery. Early sexual intercourse may affect the anastomosis healing. However, some patients will have semen loss within 4 weeks after surgery. If you encounter this situation, don’t be too anxious, as it usually has little effect. 5.When do I need to check my semen again? What other tests should be done in addition to the semen check? Starting from 8 weeks after the operation, the semen will be rechecked every 2 months until the semen parameters are stabilized or the female partner is pregnant. Semen check is sufficient, other tests will be determined by the doctor according to the actual situation. 6.Is it possible that no sperm can be found in the postoperative routine semen check? Yes, the success rate of vasoepididymitis surgery is 70-80%. However, not all patients can find sperms in the first postoperative semen check. 7. If I still cannot get pregnant naturally after the surgery, how long will this situation last before I should consider IVF? Without any special reason, it is recommended to consider IVF 1 year after surgery, because I have a small number of patients who have sperms in their semen about 1 year after surgery.