1.What is the purpose of standardized pain management (GPM)? (1) Continuously and effectively relieve pain; (2) Avoid or reduce the adverse effects of painkillers; (3) Minimize the psychological and mental burden of pain and treatment on patients; (4) Maximize the quality of life of patients with pain. 2.What are the principles of cancer analgesic treatment? (1) Oral drug administration is the main, preferred and non-invasive way of drug administration; it is simple and economical; stable blood concentration can be obtained; high efficiency of pain relief; easy to adjust the dosage; not easy to be addicted and drug-resistant. (2) according to the ladder of drugs: ① mild pain choose non-steroidal drugs (NSAID). ② moderate pain choose weak opioids, and can be combined with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ③ severe pain choose strong opioids, and can be combined with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. (3) Use medication on time. Instead of taking medication only when there is pain, regardless of whether the patient has a pain attack when the medication is given, the medication is not given on demand to ensure continuous relief of cancer pain. Controlled extended-release opioids are given as a base for pain relief, and immediate-release opioids are given when titration and eruption pain occurs. (4) Individualized dosing. Opioids have no ideal standard dosing measurement, there are obvious individual differences, such as male, female; the severity of the disease; the degree of tumor invasion, etc.; i.e., according to the patient’s actual condition to give a different dose of medication, starting from a small measurement, the development of individualized dosing program. (5) Pay attention to process details. Strengthen patient monitoring, less adverse reactions occur. 3.What is the problem of cancer pain relief now? (1) The concept of medical workers is not correct, and pain is not given enough attention; pain assessment is not sufficient; the route of administration, drug selection is relatively arbitrary, the titration of analgesic therapy is not standardized, the dosage of medication is not sufficient, the prevention of side-effects of painkillers, and the treatment is not standardized; (2) The patients and their family members do not have enough knowledge of the pain and treatment of cancer, and it is not popularized: they are worried about the painkillers, especially the addiction of opioids, and the adverse reactions; they do not want to accept the painkillers. treatment.