The pneumonia is often not obvious to young children, so how can parents detect it early? The first thing you can do is to find out early: infants and children who are sick are poorly fed, choke, vomit, or don’t eat when or after eating milk; secondly, they are poor in spirit, sleep a lot, and have indifferent expressions, and then have a heavy coughing sound, phlegm that should not be coughed out, shortness of breath, and a temperature that does not drop. If there are abnormal reactions such as heavy cough sounds, inappropriate coughing of sputum, shortness of breath and shortness of breath, and persistent drop in body temperature, early detection and early consultation are required. Song Guihua, Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Henan, China: How do you distinguish between upper respiratory tract infections and lower respiratory tract infections? Song Guihua: Respiratory tract infections include upper respiratory tract infections and lower respiratory tract infections. Upper respiratory tract infections refer to respiratory tract infections above the larynx, such as tonsillitis, pharyngitis, pharyngitis, etc., which are mostly caused by viral infections, and may have symptoms such as fever, sore throat, stuffy nose and runny nose, and occasionally cough, but the cough is mild, and the course of the disease is mostly cured in about a week. Lower respiratory tract infections are infections below the larynx, mostly from upper respiratory tract infections, such as bronchitis, pneumonia, etc. They can be viral infections, or other infections such as bacteria, mycoplasma, or even mixed infections, with relatively heavy systemic symptoms, such as higher body temperature, poor effect of applying antipyretic drugs, obvious cough with sputum, and in severe cases, shortness of breath, chest tightness, chest pain, difficulty in breathing, etc. The course of treatment is relatively long. The pneumonia of infants and children is more severe, and the pneumonia of larger children sometimes does not have a cough as the main symptom, some children only have a fever that lasts a few days and does not subside, the lungs can be heard on auscultation with wet rales or no star abnormalities are heard, and a chest X-ray can be seen with large lamellar shadows, such as lobar pneumonia. Sina Henan health: for children with pneumonia, is there a special requirement for the application of anti-infective drugs? Song Guihua: Children’s bodies are in the growth and development stage, organ function is not perfect, certain drugs should be prohibited in children, for example, aminoglycosides such as gentamicin, butamycin due to obvious otolaryngotoxicity, generally prohibited under 6 years of age; quinolones, such as haloperidol, levofloxacin, etc. due to the impact of cartilage development is prohibited under 18 years of age application. Currently, the most commonly used anti-infective drugs for children are penicillins, cephalosporins, macrolides and antivirals. Infants and children are mostly infected with pneumonia caused by viral and bacterial infections, and school-age children are mostly infected with mycoplasma or viral infections, the details of which are determined by pathogenic examination. The current pneumonia caused by influenza A H1N1 should be given antiviral treatment. Sina Henan health: pneumonia patients should pay attention to what diet? Song Guihua: children with pneumonia, the gastrointestinal tract function is relatively poor, a variety of digestive glands secrete digestive juices, food is difficult to digest, children with poor diet, poor appetite, and even nausea and vomiting, diarrhea symptoms, some children cough phlegm, so should be given light, easy to digest and absorb the food-based, avoid spicy and greasy food. Sina Henan health: parents are very anxious when their children are sick, and in the face of various treatments (prescriptions, charlatans, doctors), how should parents “keep their eyes open”? The first thing that parents should have confidence in is that the current level of medical care can cure most pneumonia. The second thing is to go to a regular medical institution for diagnosis and treatment, and again to a doctor with a license to practice medicine. The last thing is not to believe in a cure, after all, children with infant pneumonia still account for the highest mortality rate among hospitalized patients. The first thing you need to do is to strengthen yourself. Song Guihua: First of all, you should enhance your own physical fitness and develop good habits, such as regular and appropriate exercise, strengthening physical exercise, frequent outdoor activities, not overeating, not picky eating, reasonable meals, etc. Secondly, we should pay attention to the cold and warm weather changes, seasonal changes or sudden changes in temperature, to increase and decrease clothing in a timely manner, often open windows for ventilation, try to avoid going to places where people gather, especially during epidemics, to timely vaccination, etc.