Neurogenic bladder is not cystitis, which is an inflammatory change caused by a bacterial infection, but rather a general term for a loss of bladder innervation that results in contractile or diastolic dysfunction, leading to urinary retention, chronic urinary tract infections, or fluid retention in the upper urinary tract, which can be caused by central neurological disorders such as cerebral hemorrhage or cerebral infarction. It can also be due to peripheral neurological disorders, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, where poor glycemic control can lead to long-term dysfunction of the nerves innervating the bladder. When neurogenic bladder innervation disorders occur, this can be followed by weak bladder contraction, massive urinary retention that can result in hydronephrosis, recurrent bladder infections, abdominal distention, and also filling incontinence. It may also be due to excessive and frequent contraction of the bladder forcing muscles, or uncoordinated contraction of the bladder forcing muscles and sphincter diastole, resulting in a series of manifestations such as significant urinary frequency and urgency, or urge-type urinary incontinence, rather than a manifestation of bladder infection or inflammation of the bladder.