Since the 1990s, only a few units in China have explored thoracoscopic esophageal cancer resection surgery. The use of thoracoscopy for esophageal cancer resection has the advantages of small trauma and fast recovery, and overcomes the shortcomings of traditional open thoracotomy, such as cutting off the ribs, resulting in the destruction of the integrity of the thorax, postoperative pain and impaired mobility of the upper limbs. The specific procedures are as follows: 1. thoracoscopic free esophagus + abdominal median open free stomach → esophagogastric neck anastomosis; 2. thoracoscopic free esophagus + laparoscopic free stomach → esophagogastric neck anastomosis; 3. laparoscopic free stomach + thoracoscopic free esophagus → intrathoracic esophagogastric anastomosis. The use of gastroesophageal neck anastomosis or right intrathoracic anastomosis can achieve radical surgical treatment of tumors at any location in the thoracic esophagus. It can achieve the same resection effect as conventional open-heart surgery, and has the advantages of short operation time, small trauma and quick recovery. In terms of lymph node removal and post-surgical complications, there is no significant difference compared with conventional surgery. The combined thoracolaparoscopic minimally invasive radical treatment of esophageal cancer without artificial pneumothorax only requires a few small holes in the chest and abdomen to remove the tumor, which greatly reduces the surgical trauma, improves the safety of surgery and minimizes the pain of patients.