Intestinal diseases, especially colorectal tumors, have a high incidence and often have an insidious onset, which is often not early when detected, which seriously endangers people’s life and health. Due to the presence of feces and gas in the intestinal tract, the commonly used examinations such as ultrasound, CT and MRI have the feeling of looking at the flowers in the fog and the moon in the water, and it is often difficult to get clear and true images, thus making the diagnosis of intestinal diseases much more difficult. In recent years, with the continuous development and promotion of endoscopic technology, this problem has been properly solved, and colonoscopy has become a powerful tool for diagnosing intestinal diseases, and under the direct view of colonoscopy, it can be said that intestinal diseases can be seen at a glance. Colonoscopy, also known as electronic colonoscopy, is an endoscopic instrument used to examine the colorectum and distal small intestine, mainly a bendable thin tube with a diameter of about 1 cm and a high-resolution electronic camera at its end, which can be operated by the staff to make the colonoscope bend as required to obtain the best view. The examination process is to enter the rectum through the anus, and then slowly retrograde through the colon until the ileocecal region, during which the electronic camera transmits the image of the intestine and displays it on the display, so that the endoscopist can clearly observe intestinal lesions such as tumors or ulcers; at the same time, tissue biopsy or removal of polyps can be performed as needed, or microscopic hemostasis treatment for intestinal bleeding, and the whole process takes about 20-30 minutes. The whole process takes about 20-30 minutes, which is safe and reliable, and these operations are difficult to compare with any other imaging methods. Colonoscopy is mainly used to examine colorectal tumors, but it is also commonly used to diagnose intestinal diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease. If a patient presents with unexplained blood in the stool, especially in older patients, then a colonoscopy may be recommended. In the United States, colonoscopy has been used as the preferred tumor screening test for patients over the age of 50, and can be performed every 10 years for patients without significant risk factors, after which a further follow-up program can be developed based on the first results. A 2011 study showed that patients who underwent colonoscopy within the past 10 years had a more than 50% reduction in the risk of early or progressive tumors. An abnormal colonoscopy finding is when the endoscopist finds a polyp or other abnormality through the colonoscope. Most polyps are not malignant, but some have the potential to progress to malignancy. Therefore, the doctor will usually perform a polyp removal or biopsy through colonoscopy, and the results will be further sent to pathology for analysis to determine whether the lesion is benign, potentially malignant or malignant. Depending on the results of the pathology, the doctor will then give detailed instructions for either regular follow-up or surgical treatment, which varies from person to person. There are currently some new developments in colonoscopy technology with the advancement of technology. Advances in imaging technology have made the images transmitted clearer and clearer, and small lesions that were previously easy to overlook can now be better detected and treated. Endoscopic ultrasound technology allows physicians to perform ultrasound examinations of lesions through the colonoscope, which in turn provides detailed guidance for treatment by understanding the size of the lesion, depth of infiltration, and other important information. Staining techniques reveal abnormal lesions through specific fuels, suggesting targets for the physician to perform biopsy or resection. There are many more such techniques, and although they may not be fully operational in clinical practice at this time, we believe that more patients will benefit from them as colonoscopy technology becomes more perfected.
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