As we age, our skin is no longer as delicate and white as a baby, and the brown and yellowish spots on the face gradually increase, and in serious cases, dark brown or dark brown patches or even patches are formed, making people reluctant to look in the mirror. In fact, these pigmentation spots are a very common disease of increased pigment metabolism that accompanies skin aging. It is also called pigmentation, but the cause is very complicated, we elaborate as follows: a. Freckles: This is a kind of common brown spot pigmentation on the face. It starts to grow since childhood and mostly appears on the cheeks and the back of the nose. Unlike Oriental people, European and American people think that having freckles on the face is a very cute performance. They can be round, oval or sometimes irregular in shape, varying in size and number. There are two main reasons for the formation of freckles, the first is genetic factors, and the second is sun exposure. Therefore, from late spring and early summer, the spots will gradually increase in size, number and color, and become obvious. In late fall and early winter, the color of the rash starts to become lighter, smaller and less numerous. It is interesting to note that the color of the spots varies from person to person, changing with the skin tone, but there is no black color. It is important to avoid sunlight brown proper application of sunscreen. In addition, laser treatment is ideal. However, lifelong sunscreen is necessary after treatment, otherwise, the discoloration will come back slowly. Age spots: Is the name of age spots difficult for women in their 30s and 40s to accept? In fact, it has many other “nice” names, also called “sun spots” and “seborrheic keratosis”. It occurs in middle-aged and elderly people. They are usually isolated, well-defined brown or light brown patches, some of which may protrude slightly from the skin and have a rough surface. In some cases, it is triggered by external damage, such as oil splash, trauma, and other factors. They increase in number with age, with a diameter of 1mm to 25px, or several centimeters, with clear boundaries, a papilloma-like surface, and an oily scab on the surface, and the scab is easily scraped off. It can exist alone or the plaques can gradually increase with age. The main reasons for the formation of such spots are: firstly, natural aging of the skin; secondly, there is a close connection with sunlight. As sun exposure increases, the discoloration will worsen. Therefore, prevention of sun exposure is an important preventive measure. In addition, the external application of anti-aging vitamin E lotion or cream also has a certain preventive effect. For the formed pigmentation, the application of laser treatment can achieve very good effect. Coffee spot: Coffee spot is a kind of pigmentation named very imaginatively. The color is just like coffee-colored patches. It occurs not only on the face but also on other parts of the trunk. In the normal population, 10 to 20 people in every 100 people have this spot, but it mostly starts to appear when they are young. 98.8% only occurs in less than 3 damages. Café au lait spots tend to be larger than the aforementioned age spots, have uniform color and smooth surface, and begin to appear since early childhood. Usually, it does not need treatment and will not aggravate. If you feel that it affects your beauty, you can choose laser treatment, but the efficiency is only 50%. Sometimes there is a recurrence of the condition. Chloasma: For beauty lovers, chloasma is more terrible than wrinkles. With the increase of age, symmetrical yellow-brown patches will appear on the face, and the color will change with the seasons, menstrual cycle and other body conditions, which is often called melasma. There are many ways about melasma treatment because there are many factors that cause melasma and there is no very ideal way to get rid of melasma completely. The treatment and prevention of melasma is a long-term and repeated process, and is also the result of the joint efforts of doctors and candidates. The body diseases hidden behind melasma are the root cause of melasma. Metabolic disorders in the body are caused by many factors, such as emotional disorders, insomnia, irregular diet, and strain. Among them, some physical diseases are also an important reason for the formation of pigmentation. Especially some gynecological diseases that affect endocrine, such as long-term oral contraceptive pill, repeated abortion, chronic pelvic inflammatory disease, uterine fibroids, etc. In addition, some liver diseases and thyroid diseases may also lead to the formation of pigmentation. In short, the appearance of chloasma on the face is also the initial reflection of the organism’s internal diseases and endocrine disorders, and the problems of the internal environment, which should be paid great attention to. Ultraviolet light is an important factor that causes the formation and aggravation of melasma. Ultraviolet radiation can cause skin aging and increase melanin in the skin, leading to further aggravation of pigmentation. To make the habit of sunscreen, mask, hat and umbrella is the first step to treat and prevent melasma. Maintaining a normal and regular lifestyle of the body is the basic means to prevent and treat melasma. The organism is like a high-speed machine, so regular maintenance is very necessary. Long-term insomnia and staying up late will lead to the formation and aggravation of melasma. Adequate rest and a regular scientific lifestyle are equally important to the treatment of melasma. Fragile skin is more likely to grow spots, and the condition of the skin itself is also an important factor leading to the formation and aggravation of melasma. Wrong skincare philosophy and the application of poor quality cosmetics are a lasting damaging factor to the skin. Scientific and reasonable skin care sometimes seems more effective than melasma treatment. Dry skin is more likely to induce melasma. Because dry skin is more fragile and more vulnerable to external stimuli, its lack of water and oil content and thin stratum corneum are more weak to UV rays and easily sensitive to external stimuli, leading to inflammation and melanin increase. The treatment of melasma is a long-term process, which requires the joint efforts of doctors in regular institutions and beauty seekers to block the various links that lead to the formation and aggravation of melasma. One should not be in a hurry, but be persistent, and will surely receive good results. V. Post-inflammatory pigmentation: The main reason for the formation of this kind of pigmentation is pigmentation secondary to acute or chronic inflammation of the skin, which also has another terrible name: post-inflammatory melanosis. Usually confined only to the area of the skin where the inflammatory reaction occurs, the pigmentation spots vary from light brown, purple-brown or dark black and are characterized by clear boundaries. The pigmentation appears after the inflammation and fades slowly over weeks or months, but further deepens if exposed to sunlight or after renewed inflammation. Treatment can be done by laser, topical hydroquinone cream, oral or injectable vitamin C. Nevus of Ota: This is a melanocytic hyperplasia disease first discovered and reported by a Japanese doctor, so it is named after him. It was first described and reported around 1938, with two peak ages of onset in infancy and adolescence, with about one half (61.35%) of the cases occurring at the age of one. The manifestations are cyanotic or grayish-blue patches, mostly around the eyes and in the maxillary cheek area, and most of the white orbs in the ipsilateral eye are also blue or cyanotic. It is currently thought that this disorder may be genetically related. But fortunately, the effect of laser treatment for this kind of pigmentation is ideal, and after several treatments, the pigmentation can be cured, but very few cases of recurrence can occur. This kind of pigmentation was once considered as a type of nevus of Ota, mostly occurs in the cheek area, symmetrically distributed, with many black and gray spots, and can also involve the eyelids, nose, temporal area, etc. The pigmentation is round, oval or misshapen, with clear borders of corn to soy size, isolated non-fused grayish brown, dark gray or blackish brown spots, the number of which varies from several to dozens, with an average of 10 to 20. The number varies from several to dozens, averaging 10 to 20. This kind of pigmentation, like nevus of Ota, can be treated with laser and the effect is ideal. In addition, there are also pigmented nevus, spotted nevus, blue nevus, etc. Although they do not belong to the category of pigmentation, they still appear on the face with age, thus affecting the beauty of facial skin.