Breast disease is a common and frequent disease worldwide, which includes benign breast lesions and malignant tumors, both of which are closely related. In the past 50 years, with the changes in living environment, lifestyle and dietary structure, the incidence of breast diseases has increased significantly, especially breast cancer has accounted for 25% – 30% of malignant tumors in women. There are about 1.3 million new cases and 500,000 annual deaths worldwide. Currently in China, the incidence of breast cancer has surpassed that of cervical cancer to become the first malignant tumor in women, and tends to be younger and expanding. Mammary gland hyperplasia, although not inflammatory nor tumor in nature, is clinically important because of its continuous and progressive evolution, and its probability of developing cancer is 1.30-2.69 times higher than that of healthy women. For this reason, the World Health Organization (WHO) made the strategic decision to “intervene early in mammary gland hyperplasia” at the beginning of the 21st century, and it has been a wake-up call for countries around the world. According to the statistics released by the Chinese Anti-Cancer Association, China has become one of the countries with the fastest growing incidence of breast cancer, with an annual increase of 3%, and the peak age of incidence is gradually becoming younger, about 10 years earlier than that of European and American countries. Therefore, early diagnosis and early treatment of breast cancer are especially important. At present, the examination of breast disease mainly relies on clinician’s consultation, infrared examination of breast, color ultrasound, mammography and mammography (MRI). Ultrasound and mammography are about 90% accurate in diagnosing breast cancer, while infrared examination is less accurate and further ultrasound or mammography is often needed when there are abnormalities in infrared examination. It is not used as a routine screening technique for breast diseases. The main manifestation of breast enlargement is breast pain, it is because of breast pain to seek medical attention, most of the pain is not serious, occasionally walking and clothing rubbing pain is obvious. In some cases, many small, hard nodules can be found, or a hard lump can be found in a certain area. A few have nipple discharge, most are yellowish or colorless with a small amount of discharge. In the breast clinic, the percentage of visits for breast pain is even higher, about 70%, and is the most common reason for visits, followed by breast lumps and then nipple discharge. The breast is an endocrine organ and is affected by hormone levels. The breast also has periods of hyperplasia and repair, which are cyclical in nature, and the pain of breast hyperplasia is characterized by an increase before menstruation and significant relief after. Nodules or lumps become inconspicuous or disappear after menstruation, and most women have experienced this feeling for varying lengths of time. Clinicians diagnose breast enlargement mainly on the basis of the patient’s breast pain, with hard nodules palpable, aggravated before menstruation and relieved after menstruation. Most patients do not require special treatment and may resolve on their own. For those with significant pain, medication can be taken under the guidance of a breast specialist to relieve the symptoms. Mammary gland hyperplasia requires examination. The main methods of examination are mammography and x-ray photography. Ultrasound is performed in a variety of forms, with most breasts showing no obvious abnormalities, followed by nodularity with clear borders, uniform echogenicity, no obvious blood flow signal, or even obvious lumps, occasionally resembling breast cancer. The main purpose of ultrasound examination is to detect the presence of lumps, and if there are lumps, to identify whether they are cysts, fibroadenomas, simple duct dilatation, abscesses, breast cancer, etc. It is important to identify the presence of breast cancer. The high resolution of the ultrasound image makes it easy to detect the mass, and about 2/3 of the images can clearly determine the presence or absence of breast cancer features. Most mammograms show disorganized glandular structures. For benign lesions such as breast cysts and fibroadenomas, color ultrasound is more sensitive and radiography can detect no masses. If a lump is found on ultrasound and it is difficult to determine the benign or malignant nature, additional radiographs can be taken to see if there are features of breast cancer. About 90% of breast cancers can be determined by the clinician’s consultation, combining ultrasound and radiography. Ultrasound-guided hollow needle aspiration biopsy can determine the nature of the pathology with an accuracy of approximately 99%. The most common pathological type of breast cancer is invasive ductal carcinoma, most of which have a more characteristic malignant presentation and have a higher diagnostic accuracy than other pathological types. Other pathological types of breast malignancy, such as mucinous carcinoma, medullary carcinoma, malignant lobular tumor, sarcoma, etc., are easily misdiagnosed as benign tumors, and are usually taken seriously only when the tumor is found to be growing during the review. Therefore, patients should be reminded that when there is a lump in the breast, they should go to a regular hospital to see a breast specialist for examination and regular review, and they should learn the correct diagnosis method, so that they can get an accurate diagnosis through lump biopsy or surgical removal of the lump when it is found to be enlarged. The International Organization Against Cancer (IAC) does not recommend women to self-examine their breasts because even for specialists, the detection rate by manual examination is only about 80%, so women who self-examine their breasts often miss the diagnosis and are usually in the middle stage by the time they find it. Breast pain and breast masses are the main reason for patients to visit the doctor. The majority of patients with breast pain have no clear masses on ultrasound and radiography, but only structural disorders, poor structure and thickened breast tissue, etc. The clinical diagnosis is usually “breast hyperplasia”, which may be described as no exact masses on the above examinations. The use of medication in patients with “breast enlargement” depends mainly on the severity of the pain and the degree of firmness and uniformity of the palpation. Most patients with breast enlargement without a lump only need to be health conscious and have a follow-up mammogram or mammogram twice or three times a year. The advantage of this ultrasound is that unlike conventional ultrasound, it does not cover all organs (e.g. liver, gallbladder, pancreas, spleen, kidney, bladder, uterus, ovaries, etc.), but only the full-volume ultrasound of the breast. ). For patients with lumps, if they are cysts, they are usually benign. If it is a solid mass, it requires ultrasound or radiologist as well as clinician to determine the benign and malignant nature of the mass. For solid masses judged to be benign, regular follow-up is required, and for those judged to be malignant, prompt treatment is required. The most effective treatment is surgical excision. Whether breast-conserving surgery is possible, whether chemotherapy is needed, whether radiotherapy is needed, whether chemotherapy is used before or after surgery, requires the guidance of a breast specialist. Even if you find out you have breast cancer, don’t be pessimistic and desperate, but face the disease with courage, treat it positively and live optimistically, as fear is harmful to the healing process and your body, and will cast a shadow on your family life. Breast cancer patients can also live a wonderful life. After all, breast cancer is a tumor of the surface organs, and as long as it is detected in time, the prognosis is much better than that of tumors of the internal organs.