Puncture surgery is a procedure in which a puncture needle is inserted into the body to take an appropriate amount of fluid, gas, tissue or inject drugs to perform operations such as testing or treatment. Four major punctures are commonly performed in the thoracic cavity, abdominal cavity, lumbar spine and bone marrow, as well as in the thyroid gland, breast gland and joint cavity. The specific operation of the puncture procedure differs depending on the purpose and the site of the puncture. Before the puncture procedure, it is generally necessary to clarify whether the patient has any contraindications, such as infection at the puncture site and coagulation dysfunction. After determining that the puncture is possible, the patient’s blood pressure, pulse and other vital signs need to be measured, and the patient is instructed to assume a suitable position, and then the operation begins. The puncture site is first marked for positioning, then the puncture site is disinfected and covered with sterile cavity wipes, followed by anesthesia. After the anesthetic drug takes effect, the puncture is performed with a puncture needle, and the needle is inserted slowly, usually stopping when there is a falling sensation or ultrasound and other instruments show that the lesion has been reached, and a specimen of secretion, blood, gas, tissue, etc. is extracted from the puncture site in appropriate amounts or injected with drugs. After the specimen is removed, it is loaded into a test tube or smear and sent for timely examination. After the puncture procedure is completed, pressure is applied to the puncture site to stop bleeding, and the puncture site is again disinfected and dressed with sterile gauze. The patient’s blood pressure, pulse and other vital signs were measured again, and the patient was instructed to rest in bed.