Doudou was 5 years old when his mother noticed that he was always looking at the TV with his eyes squinted. He was found to have 0.5 vision in both eyes during his kindergarten checkup, and his mother brought him to the hospital in a hurry. After a dilated eye exam, the doctor diagnosed Doudou as having “bilateral refractive error and amblyopia”. He was recommended to wear glasses and undergo amblyopia treatment immediately. Doudou’s amblyopia was detected in time and his vision recovered quickly through treatment. There are many children like Doudou, and parents are often confused. The definition of amblyopia: Amblyopia is a common and frequent disease in the development of children. Where the eye examination is normal, but the visual acuity is not normal, wearing glasses vision can not reach normal that is called amblyopia. It is the essence of the visual development of both eyes is not normal. 2, the harm of amblyopia: The biggest harm is that the child not only has low vision in both eyes or one eye, but also does not have perfect binocular vision, no fine stereo vision. If not prevented in time, the vision of the affected eye will be permanently low. Children with amblyopia have a blurred sense of stereo and cannot accurately determine the position, distance, and direction of objects, which has an impact on their mental health and intellectual development. Many occupations and types of work, such as various drivers, athletes, doctors, electronics, modern precision machinery manufacturing, modern communications, aviation, aerospace, various scientific experimental research, etc. must have sharp stereo vision in order to be competent. 3, the general factors causing amblyopia: (1) strabismus (2) refractive error: myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism (3) refractive aberration: a large difference in the degree of both eyes (4) for various reasons and cover one eye, cataract, corneal disease, etc. 4, how to detect amblyopia early: the key to treating children with amblyopia is to be able to detect amblyopia early. We know that only early detection can lead to early treatment, and only then can we obtain better results. Early detection of amblyopia is a common concern for parents and ophthalmologists. 2 years old or younger is a critical period of visual development, but it is difficult to check children’s visual acuity during this period, which makes early detection of amblyopia very difficult. In order to detect amblyopia early, parents are asked to closely observe whether their children have squinted eyes, tilted heads or twitching eyes when looking at things. If any of these conditions are present, an ophthalmologist should be consulted promptly. Kindergartens conduct annual vision screening and refer children suspected of having problems to regular hospital ophthalmologists for further examination. The vast majority of children with amblyopia can be detected early. 5. Treatment: To correct amblyopia, the child must be forced to use the eye with poor vision. First of all, correction of refractive error: standardized refractive examination and reasonable optical correction are the basis of amblyopia treatment. In a nutshell, this means that proper glasses must be worn. Treatment methods include masking therapy, suppression therapy, visual stimulation therapy, fine training therapy, red filter therapy, etc. The characteristics of the treatment are: the treatment method mostly uses instruments and glasses, not much medication. The treatment course is long and takes mostly six months to two years under the condition of good cooperation between parents and children. The treatment varies according to the type of disease and the stage of development; it requires several follow-up visits to receive doctor’s guidance and observe the effect. There is recurrence, and parents need to cooperate and supervise for three years after the cure. 6.Can amblyopia be cured without treatment? It can be said for sure that amblyopia cannot be cured without treatment. Amblyopia should not only be treated, but also in a timely manner. Since 3 years old is the critical period for the treatment of amblyopia in children, 3 to 8 years old is the sensitive period for treatment. The younger the child, the more sensitive the visual development, the greater the plasticity, especially the strongest plasticity between the ages of 1 and 3 years old, is extremely critical, after the age of 8 years old is obviously weakened. Above the age of 10, there is little hope of cure, and the course of treatment is also long, and treatment above the age of 12 is basically ineffective.