Cough is one of the most common clinical manifestations in children and a frequent problem for parents of children with recurrent cough, which is very anxious for parents. Chronic cough is defined as cough symptoms lasting >4 weeks. The common causes of chronic cough are cough after respiratory tract infection, cough variant asthma, upper airway cough syndrome, gastroesophageal reflux cough, cardiac cough, respiratory foreign body, mycoplasma, and chlamydial infection. Upper airway cough syndrome refers to the cough of children with rhinitis, sinusitis, adenoid hypertrophy, tonsillitis, which is worse in the early morning or when the body position changes. A few children complain of headache, dizziness, and low-grade fever; nasal endoscopy reveals mucopurulent secretions, adenoid tissue hyperplasia in the nasal passages, and significant follicular hyperplasia in the posterior pharyngeal wall, which is cobblestone-like, and sometimes mucopurulent secretions adhering to the posterior pharyngeal wall; for long-term chronic cough that fails to respond to medication, be alert to the possibility of tracheal foreign bodies, and lung CT or bronchial endoscopy should be performed to rule out tracheal foreign bodies; for cough in school-age children, a Mycoplasma and chlamydia examinations should be performed to exclude Mycoplasma pneumoniae and chlamydia infection.