The survival period after surgery is uncertain and varies with the severity of the patient’s disease. 5-year survival rate is usually used to determine the survival period of patients. 5-year survival rate means survival for more than 5 years, and generally in clinical practice, if a patient survives for more than 5 years, it is called clinical cure. The 5-year survival rate of patients with mid- to late-stage esophageal cancer does not exceed 30% after surgical treatment. Surgery is the first choice for treatment of mid- to late-stage esophageal cancer. After surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, interventional therapy and other comprehensive treatments are needed to address the patient’s disease condition. However, if patients have distant metastases, regional lymph node dissection is also required during surgery, and the survival time of such patients after surgery is relatively short, with a 5-year survival rate of no more than 10%. If the patient has severe distant metastasis and has not undergone regular radiotherapy or chemotherapy, or has low sensitivity to treatment, it will also reduce the survival time of the patient, or even recur in about 1 year. Since the early symptoms of esophageal cancer are not obvious, once detected clinically, most of them are already in the middle and late stages, so the prognosis is relatively poor. Therefore, it is recommended to take more measures to prevent the occurrence of this disease, such as controlling risk factors such as smoking, drinking alcohol, hot food and pickles, and trying to avoid bad mental and psychological factors such as long-term depression and sulking. If there are patients with esophageal cancer in the family, monitoring of esophageal cancer should also be enhanced.