There is a group of people who are more likely to develop a certain type of cancer than others, which we call “high-risk group”, that is, people who are at high risk of developing a certain type of cancer, for example, the internationally famous movie star Jolie is a high-risk group for breast cancer because she has a family history of breast cancer and has been tested for mutations in the BRCA1/2 gene, so she is a high-risk group for breast cancer and has taken some “radical” preventive measures. For example, Jolie is a high-risk group because of her family history of breast cancer and BRCA1/2 mutation. Generally, the more risk factors you have, the more likely you are to develop cancer. In order to prevent cancer in a more targeted way, we should know the risk factors of some common types of cancer. For people with cancer high-risk factors, besides taking cancer prevention measures like those for the general population, such as quitting smoking and limiting alcohol, changing bad lifestyles, etc., they should also take more proactive and targeted cancer prevention measures than those for the general population, such as more proactive removal of these high-risk factors, closer cancer prevention medical screening, chemical intervention when necessary, and even consider Preventive surgery can even be considered in individual cases. What is scary is not knowing about cancer and being in a high-risk situation without knowing it. Let’s learn what are the high-risk factors for common cancers, and know the high-risk factors for cancer, so as to prevent cancer in a targeted way. 1. High risk factors for breast cancer: family history of breast cancer, specific genetic mutation of BRCA1/2 gene, history of breast cancer on one side, high risk of breast cancer on the other side, previous history of radiotherapy to the chest wall, exposure to high estrogen environment (young age of menarche, late age of menopause, never married or childless, age of first full-term delivery > 30 years old, etc.), never breastfeeding or short breastfeeding time (total breastfeeding time is negatively associated with the risk of breast cancer). The risk of breast cancer is negatively correlated with the total duration of breastfeeding), excessive intake of exogenous estrogen (estrogen replacement therapy during menopause or estrogen for so-called beauty), high-fat and high-energy diet, obesity and overweight, and severe cystic hyperplasia of the breast. 2. High risk factors of esophageal cancer: people over 40 years old in areas with high incidence of esophageal cancer, poor dietary habits (excessive intake of pickled products, preference for hot food, hot tea, high salt diet, rough food, fast eating), smoking, alcohol consumption, nutritional deficiency or insufficiency (vitamin and trace element deficiency, molybdenum deficiency, zinc deficiency, etc.), family history (there is a family gathering phenomenon of esophageal cancer, which may be genetic susceptibility or family members) (prolonged exposure to the same environmental carcinogenic factors), precancerous lesions of esophagus (chronic inflammation of esophagus, esophageal reflux disease, esophageal cardia achalasia, esophageal scar stenosis, esophageal leukoplakia, etc.). 3. High risk factors of gastric cancer: poor dietary habits (irregular diet, eating too fast and too full, overeating, etc.), unclean diet, preference for smoked and fried foods, long-term high-salt diet and salted and smoked foods (such as pickled fish and salted vegetables), frequent consumption of overnight or spoiled moldy foods, preference for red meat, low intake of fresh vegetables and fruits, nutritional imbalance or deficiency, smoking and alcohol abuse, family history of gastric cancer, chronic atrophic gastritis, chronic gastric ulcer, etc. gastritis, chronic gastric ulcer, gastric polyp or stomach surgery, H. pylori infection. 4.High risk factors for liver cancer: age over 40 (women can be over 45), smoking, long-term alcohol consumption, hepatitis B virus carriers, history of chronic viral infection (hepatitis B or C), cirrhosis, micronutrient deficiency (low selenium, molybdenum, manganese, zinc and high iron, nickel, arsenic), drinking water pollution. 5, colorectal cancer (colorectal cancer) risk factors: high animal protein, high fat and low fiber diet, constipation, sedentary physical activity, obesity, smoking, long-term alcohol consumption, micronutrient deficiency (molybdenum, calcium, selenium), chronic ulcerative colitis, familial colonic polyposis, colonic adenoma syndrome. 6. Risk factors for pancreatic cancer: middle-aged or above, long-term smoking, alcoholism, high-fat, high-protein, high-calorie diet, chronic pancreatitis. 7. Risk factors for lung cancer: smoking (especially those who start smoking under 20 years old, those who have been smoking for more than 20 years, and those who smoke more than 20 cigarettes a day), second-hand smoke, occupational exposure to asbestos, arsenic, uranium, nickel, chromium, etc., air pollution from interior decoration materials, long-term exposure to kitchen fumes, and serious environmental pollution in the place of residence. 8.Ovarian cancer risk factors: early age of menarche, delayed age of menopause, infertility or low number of pregnancies, long-term use of ovulation-promoting drugs, exogenous estrogen intake (long-term use of estrogen replacement therapy after menopause), high-fat diet, obesity and overweight, family history of ovarian cancer, hereditary ovarian cancer syndrome. 9.High risk factors for cervical cancer: early first sex, disordered sexual behavior, too many sexual partners, promiscuous sex, early marriage, early age of first birth, multiple births, extramarital sex with husband, penile cancer in husband, penile circumcision of husband or sexual partner, chronic inflammation of cervical vagina, human papillomavirus (HPV) infection of the cervix, smoking. 10.Risk factors for endometrial cancer: infertility or infertility, early menarche or delayed menopause, exogenous estrogen intake (long-term estrogen replacement therapy after menopause), long-term use of triamcinolone acetonide (postoperative adjuvant therapy for breast cancer), overweight, obesity, high-protein, high-fat, high-sugar diet, history of pelvic radiation, family history of ovarian cancer, history of endometrial hyperplasia, history of polycystic ovary syndrome. 11.Risk factors of bladder cancer: long-term exposure to dyes, rubber and plastic products, paints, leather, detergents, pesticides, etc., long-term smoking, chronic urinary tract infection, chronic cystitis, long-term residual urine and foreign body stimulation (indwelling catheter, bladder stones), habit of holding urine, long-term urethral obstruction, history of pelvic radiotherapy, long-term excessive coffee consumption, long-term use of hair dye. 12.Risk factors of kidney cancer: middle-aged or above, smoking, alcoholism, obesity, hypertension, diabetes, high intake of dairy products, low intake of vegetables and fruits in the diet, insufficient intake of vitamin A, long-term exposure to cadmium and coke in the occupation, family history of kidney cancer. 13. High risk factors for prostate cancer: older men over 50, especially over 70, early marriage, too frequent sex life in early years, sudden reduction of sex life in old age or stopping sex life too long and too early, excessive intake of meat, especially red meat, and less intake of fresh vegetables and fruits, fondness for food cooked with coffee, ginger, pepper and other seasonings, fondness for salty, enlarged prostate hypertrophy. The last thing to emphasize is that some of the above mentioned high risk factors are clear, some are not very clear and can only be used as a reference. In addition, high-risk factors only mean a higher risk of cancer, but it does not mean that if you have these high-risk factors, you will definitely get cancer, so there is no need to panic, but because you have a higher risk of cancer than others, you should pay more attention and be more vigilant, you should do a good job in cancer prevention measures, stay away from cancer-causing factors, and you should do a good job in medical examination and screening. It is also necessary to take good cancer prevention measures and have regular checkups and screenings.