Breast cancer is a cancer of the ductal epithelial tissue of the breast. It is one of the most common malignant tumors in women. There are more than 1.2 million new cases worldwide each year, and 50% of breast cancers occur in developed regions. For example, in Europe and North America, the incidence of breast cancer ranks first among female cancers. China is a low incidence region, but the incidence rate has been increasing year by year in recent years, and it has become the first among female malignant tumors in cities such as Beijing, Tianjin and Shanghai. At least 40,000 women die from this disease every year nationwide, making it one of the serious diseases threatening women’s lives in China. Breast cancer mainly occurs in women, and the incidence rate of men is 1% of that of women. In women, the incidence rate increases with age. It is rare before the age of 20, but rises rapidly after the age of 20 and reaches a peak around the age of 70. Age at menarche and age at menopause are associated with the development of breast cancer. The risk of early menarche and late menopause is higher; the risk increases gradually with the postponement of the age of menarche; breastfeeding can reduce the incidence of breast cancer; the risk of breast cancer in patients with lobular hyperplasia or fibroadenoma is twice as high as that in the normal population; long-term estrogen use during menopause may increase the risk of breast cancer; changes in dietary habits, especially fatty diet, can change the endocrine environment Changes in dietary habits, especially fatty diets, can alter the endocrine environment, enhance or prolong the stimulation of estrogen on breast epithelial cells and increase the risk of breast cancer; weight gain may be an important risk factor for the development of breast cancer in postmenopausal women; ionizing radiation is associated with the development of breast cancer, and its risk increases with increasing dose of radiation. “Like other diseases, cancer is no exception. The incidence of cancer varies from country to country, from region to region, and from ethnic group to ethnic group, with different dietary habits. Excessive protein intake increases the risk of breast cancer, colon cancer, pancreatic cancer, kidney cancer, prostate cancer and endometrial cancer; high fat diet increases the incidence of breast cancer, colon cancer, prostate cancer, ovarian cancer, endometrial cancer and pancreatic cancer. The incidence of breast cancer is 5 to 10 times higher in countries where high-fat food is the mainstay than in countries where low-fat food is the mainstay. With the development of the economy, the incidence of the above tumors has a tendency to increase; excessive carbohydrate intake is directly related to the mortality rate due to pancreatic cancer in women; excessive intake of refined carbohydrates is considered to be one of the reasons for the increased incidence of breast cancer; excessive intake of certain trace elements can produce direct or indirect toxicity in the body and increase the chance of cancer in the organism. The incidence of esophageal cancer, rectal cancer, laryngeal cancer, lung cancer and prostate cancer is higher in residents of high cadmium drinking area than in other areas; excessive Kun can induce lung cancer, laryngeal cancer and leukemia; lead can induce kidney cancer, gastrointestinal tumor and malignant tumor of blood system; excessive nickel can induce cancer of mouth, throat and rectum.
I. Reasonable nutrition and cancer prevention
Reasonable nutrition should include the intake of food that can meet and guarantee the caloric needs, the selection of reasonable recipes and the establishment of a reasonable dietary system. There is a close relationship between reasonable nutrition and cancer development. 45% of cancer occurrence is related to dietary factors and 35% is related to frequent smoking and drinking a lot of strong alcohol. Diet is the basis of nutrition, and nutrition is the root of health. Cancer prevention is best to start with scientific and nutritionally reasonable diet. Avoid cancer-causing dietary substances and increase the intake of cancer prevention dietary substances.
1.Common cancer-causing dietary substances
(1) Smoked food Smoked fish, meat and soybean products contain 3,4-benzopyrene and nitrosamines, which are polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons produced during incomplete combustion of fuel, so food may be contaminated by 3,4-benzopyrene in the process of smoking. 3,4-benzopyrene has been proved to have carcinogenic effects on animals and humans.
(2) pickles In some areas of China often pickled sauerkraut as the main side food, this pickle mainly contains carcinogenic substances nitrosamines, another 83% of the samples were contaminated with carcinogenic mold white ground mold. The use of this sauerkraut liquid can experimentally induce precancerous lesions in the esophageal epithelium of mice.
(3) Soy sauce is made from soybeans, flour, peanut cake, etc., fermented by Aspergillus oryzae, and is a necessary condiment for every household in China. However, there are some inevitable links between soy sauce and cancer. Fermented soy sauce contains a large amount of mutagenic and carcinogenic substances, which can cause mutations in many strains of bacteria, and these substances are separated from soy sauce and fed to rats, which can cause cancer in most rats; epidemiological surveys have found that there is a close relationship between the consumption of soy sauce and the incidence of liver cancer, and the more soy sauce is eaten, the greater the possibility of cancer.
(4) Wine The main component of wine is ethanol, followed by lactic and acetic acid, esters, aldehydes and phenolic compounds. Alcohol consumption is closely related to breast cancer and gastrointestinal cancer. The incidence of breast cancer is 40% to 100% higher among drinkers than non-drinkers; compared with non-drinkers, the incidence of throat cancer is 10 times higher among drinkers and esophageal cancer is 2.5 times higher. The risk of stomach cancer and rectal cancer also increases significantly. The reason why long-term alcohol consumption can cause cancer is that alcohol can increase the solubility of carcinogens, which greatly increases the chance of contact between carcinogens and human cells; alcohol can promote the carcinogenic effect of carcinogens and is cytotoxic; long-term alcohol drinkers are prone to malnutrition, especially the lack of riboflavin and trace elements, which increases the susceptibility of human body to carcinogens; strong alcohol can directly damage the esophageal mucosa, causing esophageal mucosa hyperplasia and esophagitis, which increases the risk of cancer. Alcohol can damage the liver and cause alcoholic cirrhosis, which can develop into liver cancer in a few cases; alcohol can lead to a large increase in female hormones, which is the reason why female drinkers are prone to breast cancer.
(5) moldy food Almost all cereal mold contains aflatoxin, and the carcinogenicity of aflatoxin to animals has been clear. The amount of daily intake per person is positively correlated with the incidence of liver, and those who like to eat fermented foods and often eat moldy foods are more likely to develop liver cancer than normal.
2.Common cancer prevention dietary items
According to the reports, foods with anti-cancer effects include: garlic leaves, garlic cloves, leeks, chives, cabbage, burdock, flowering stems, wild rice, spinach, tomatoes, oranges, cilantro, toon, mushrooms, celery, eggplant, lettuce, white radish, carrot, green pepper, onion, ginger, hawthorn, prickly pear, sea buckthorn, kiwi, soybean products, yogurt, green tea, flower tea, etc. green tea, flower tea, etc.
”Food therapy has a long history in China. In the prevention and treatment of diseases, Chinese medicine places great emphasis on the usual dietary supplementation, and reasonable diet also has a certain auxiliary effect on the treatment of cancer. According to Chinese medicine, the nipple belongs to the liver, the breast belongs to the stomach, and the spleen and stomach are connected. The pathogenesis of breast cancer is rage, anger and worry, and rebellion of liver and spleen. The following recipes can be used as reference for breast cancer prevention and treatment.
(1) Mai Dong Red Date Porridge
Ingredients: 10 grams of Mai Men Dong, 100 grams of glutinous rice, 10 red dates, sugar and honey.
【Production】 Wash the maitake and red dates with water; wash the glutinous rice with water and soak it slightly, put it into the pot, add maitake, red dates and appropriate amount of water, cook and thicken, put sugar and honey into it.
Characteristics】Sweet and glutinous, sticky and fragrant; strengthens the spleen and stomach, strengthens the body and prolongs life.
Brief comment】Maimendong contains many kinds of steroidal saponins, carotenoids, sugars, β-sitosterol, dousterol and other components, which have the effect of raising white blood cells, prolonging the survival time of antibodies, promoting the production of antibodies, complement, interferon, lysozyme and other immune substances, improving immune function and the rate of nucleic acid synthesis. It can also promote the production of immune substances such as antibodies, tonic, interferon and lysozyme, and improve immune function and nucleic acid synthesis.
(2) Asparagus porridge
Ingredients] 20 grams of asparagus, 100 grams of japonica rice, a little rock sugar, and the right amount of water.
【Production】 Cut asparagus into diagonal strips, decoct the thick juice, remove the dregs; clean japonica rice, boil with asparagus juice, add the right amount of rock sugar, and then cook into a thick porridge.
Characteristics】Sweet and fragrant, thick and delicious, nourishing Yin and moistening the lungs, and relieving cough.
Brief comments] Asparagus has a certain inhibitory effect on leukocyte dehydrogenase in patients with acute and chronic leukemia, and can inhibit leukocyte respiration in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia, thus playing an anti-malignant role. The porridge made with asparagus and japonica rice, both of which complement each other and have a pure taste, can enhance the humoral immune function of the body, which is a rare nutritional anti-cancer meal to support and strengthen the body.
(3) Colla Corii Asini Red Date Porridge
Raw materials] 30 grams of Colla Corii Asini, 20 red dates, 100 grams of glutinous rice and a little brown sugar.
【Production】 Wash the red dates, remove the core, and glutinous rice first boil porridge, will be cooked, put the pounded Agaricus, while cooking and stirring, boil 2-3 boiling, put brown sugar can be eaten.
Characteristics】Sweet and glutinous, benefit the qi and nourish the blood.
The main component is protein, which can produce many kinds of amino acids after hydrolysis. Pharmacological experiments can accelerate the growth of red blood cells and hemoglobin, as well as promote the absorption of calcium, which can nourish Yin and replenish blood. Gum, jujube and glutinous rice porridge; easy processing, pure taste, has a certain effect on the prevention and treatment of leukemia, reoccurrence, etc., can also be used as an auxiliary food therapy for tumor patients with anemia.
Monkey’s head mushroom mixed casserole
Ingredients】300g of monkey head mushroom, 80g of pork, 1 egg, 2 tablespoons of shrimp, 12 fungus, 4 green stalks, 20g of ham, appropriate amount of broth, salt, monosodium glutamate, sesame oil, balsamic vinegar, ginger and green onion.
【Production】 cut the monkey head mushroom into large slices; chop the pork, add egg white, salt, mix well, and pinch into small meatballs; fungus and shrimp softened in water; ham cut into small rectangular slices; ginger, green onion cut into shreds; green stalks blanched until broken; egg yolk beaten, add salt, pepper a little mix, spread fried into a thin egg skin, cut into diamond-shaped pieces; boil 2 cups of water, put in small meatballs cooked, then put in the monkey head mushroom slices, fungus, egg yolk Add sliced monkey head mushrooms, fungus, egg yolk, etc. and other auxiliary ingredients, boil for 15 minutes, skim off the foam and drizzle a little sesame oil.
Characteristics] The aroma is rich, the taste is delicious, and the spleen is healthy and beneficial.
【Brief comment】The monkey head mushroom is a rare edible mushroom, rich in protein and amino acids, and the polysaccharides and peptides contained in it have an inhibitory effect on cancer cells. It is not only delicious, but also can enhance the immune function of human body, which is helpful to prevent the growth, development, recurrence and metastasis of cancer tumor.
(4) Vegetarian stir-fry four treasures
Ingredients】100g each of corn and peas, 125g of carrot, 20g of shiitake mushroom, peanut oil, white soy sauce, wine, salt and ginger juice.
【Production】Shiitake mushrooms soaked and diced, peas and carrots cooked separately in boiling water; peanut oil in a pot of hot, stir-fried mushrooms first, then add corn, ginger juice, wine, salt and 50 ml of water soaked mushrooms with stir-fry; cook the food in the pot until the water is dry, pour in peas, carrots diced, then add soy sauce and stir-fry a few times, you can serve.
【Characteristic】The color is bright, the taste is sweet; the appetizer is in tune.
【Brief comment】This food four things, all contain anti-cancer substances, can prevent and control a variety of cancers, especially the carrot effect is stronger.
(5) Chicken, fungus and golden needle vegetable soup
Ingredients】500 grams of chicken, 10 grams of fungus, 30 grams of golden needles, salt, monosodium glutamate, and a little bit of cooking oil.
【Production】 the chicken skin, guts, wash; fungus, golden needle dish soaked and washed. Put the three in a pot, add the right amount of water and cook for about 15 minutes on medium heat, add a little cooked oil, salt and MSG.
【Characteristic】Taste fresh and fragrant; disperses knots and clears milk, dredges liver and nourishes yin.
It is rich in protein, vitamins and other nutrients, which can detoxify and reduce swelling, nourish yin and nourish deficiency; wood fungus is sweet and flat, enters the stomach and large intestine meridian, cools the blood and eliminates sores; golden needle cabbage is sweet and cool, beneficial to damp heat and broadens the chest and diaphragm. The combination of the three ingredients is suitable for those who suffer from boredom and swelling pain in breast cancer.
(6) Wu Dou Mud Loach Soup
Raw materials] 30 grams of black beans, 500 grams of loach, 10 grams of rose hips, a little cooked oil, salt and monosodium glutamate.
【Production】 Soak and wash the beans, remove the pistil and wash the roses, wash the loach; put the loach and beans into a pot, add the right amount of water, cook slowly until the beans are cooked and rotten, then add the roses and cook for 20 minutes, add the right amount of cooked oil, salt and monosodium glutamate.
Characteristics] Fresh and tasty; detoxifies the liver, tonifies the middle and stomach.
It is rich in protein, fat and many kinds of vitamins, which can detoxify and promote water, nourish the kidneys and tonic the middle; rose flower is sweet and slightly bitter, warm, enters the liver and spleen meridians, contains volatile oils such as citronellol, which can relieve depression and disperse blood stasis; loach is sweet and flat, enters the spleen meridian, rich in various nutrients needed by human body, which can nourish the middle and dispel dampness, nourish yin and detoxify. This soup is suitable for breast cancer ulceration and exudation or post-surgery dietary regimen.
(7) Lotus seeds and hawthorn paste
Ingredients】60g of lotus seeds, 15g of hawthorn, one sweet orange and sugar.
Production】Powdered lotus seeds, orange juice; put the hawthorn in a pot, add an appropriate amount of water, boil for about 30 minutes, remove the dregs, add sugar, add lotus seeds powder and mix well, then add orange juice, take warm.
Characteristics】Sweet and fragrant; moves Qi and dispels blood stasis, eliminates food and appetite.
[Brief comments]: The stone lotus seeds are hard and powdered, sweet and astringent, entering the heart, spleen and kidney meridians, with the effect of tonifying the spleen and appetite, clearing the heart and nourishing the kidneys; hawthorn is sour, sweet and slightly warm, entering the spleen and liver meridians, with the effect of activating blood circulation and dispelling blood stasis, eliminating food stagnation; sweet orange is sweet and slightly warm, entering the liver meridian, with the effect of draining the liver, regulating qi and eliminating stagnation. The combination of the three ingredients is suitable for people with breast cancer who have weak constitution and do not think about eating.
(8) Stewed wolfberry with black chicken
Ingredients] One black chicken, about 500 grams; 15 grams of Chinese wolfberry; 6 grams of dried jasmine flowers; salt and monosodium glutamate.
The first thing you need to do is to get rid of the jasmine flowers and put them in the belly of the chicken, and sew up the cut in the belly of the chicken with a bamboo stick.
【Characteristic】Clear and delicious; nourish blood and Qi, nourish liver and kidney.
It is sweet and flat in nature, with delicious flesh. It enters the liver and kidney meridians and is effective in nourishing the liver and kidney; jasmine flower is pungent, sweet and warm in nature, and is effective in regulating qi and opening up depression, removing obscenity and harmonizing the middle; wolfberry is sweet and slightly acidic and flat in taste, and enters the liver and kidney meridians, and is effective in nourishing the blood and nourishing the liver and kidney. This soup is suitable for patients with advanced breast cancer who suffer from physical weakness and boredom and pain.