A patient operated yesterday, is a kidney deer antler stone severe effusion, the affected kidney function is almost completely lost, and nephrectomy. It is regrettable that the patient was diagnosed 5 years ago, when the degree of hydronephrosis was still mild and kidney function was only partially impaired, he was advised to operate to remove the stone, the kidney could still be preserved, but he insisted on Chinese medicine “stone removal”, he heard hearsay, tossed around many places, took a lot of so-called “stone removal medicine However, he insisted on Chinese medicine “stone removal” and took many so-called “stone removal drugs”, which not only failed to discharge the stone, but also led to the delay of the disease, the aggravation of hydronephrosis, the loss of kidney function and kidney removal. As a urologist, I encounter patients with urinary tract stones almost every day. At present, urinary tract stones have become one of the most common diseases in urology, and the southern region of China, including the southern part of Zhejiang, is one of the three major areas in the world with a high incidence of urinary tract stones. In the face of the sudden “suffering” from stone disease, many people panic, do not know what to do, and even many non-urinary medical professionals also lack the most basic understanding of the disease, coupled with the misguided pursuit of economic benefits of many unregulated medical units in society, so that many patients with urinary tract stones recklessly take the principle of Many patients with urinary tract stones take “lithotripsy” drugs or blindly perform extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy, resulting in unnecessary waste of money and delay, and even serious consequences. Urological stones are usually called urinary tract stones, and are divided into upper and lower urinary tract stones according to the anatomy of the urinary system, with the former including kidney and ureteral stones and the latter having bladder and urethral stones. Upper urinary tract stones account for most of the urinary stones in clinical practice and can be asymptomatic, but most of them are symptomatic, with pain and hematuria as typical symptoms. Large stones tend to be dull pain or vague pain because they move less; small stones moving in the renal pelvis, especially when they fall into the ureter (at this point, they are ureteral stones), can cause sawing and colic pain in the lumbar region, and radiate downward along the lumbar region, involving the lower abdomen or perineum or sacrococcygeal region, and the pain is The pain is paroxysmal and lasts for several minutes or hours, often accompanied by nausea and vomiting, and many patients also sweat profusely, sit and lie still, and moan. Microscopic hematuria is common, aggravated by painful episodes, and sometimes visible carnal hematuria is seen. If ureteral stones are located in the bladder wall segment, frequent, urgent and painful urination may occur. In principle, the treatment of upper urinary tract stones can be divided into: 1. General treatment, suitable for stones less than 0.6 cm in diameter, large amounts of water (2000-3000 ml/day), Chinese herbal medicine for stone removal and moderate exercise can help to remove stones on their own. For those with colic, pain relief and antispasmodic treatment are used, and for those with combined infection, anti-infection treatment is also used. 2. Endourological and extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) treatments, which are the results of modern high-tech development applied to the medical clinic, have greatly changed the situation of monotonous and ineffective treatment methods and surgical treatment with high trauma, complications and high treatment costs. In recent years, laparoscopic lithotripsy has also started to be used clinically. 3.Surgical treatment is suitable for huge and complicated stones, as well as those for which general treatment and urological endoscopy and ESWL are ineffective. It should be noted that for small kidney stones without symptoms and fluid, it is only necessary to drink more water and exercise moderately and follow up regularly; for large stones, blind “stone removal” treatment is not only ineffective but also aggravates fluid and renal function; for stones that cannot be broken within a few days and those with polyps, adhesions and ureteral stenosis, in principle, ESWL is not used. ESWL, in order to avoid excessive damage to tissues and organs and difficulty in stone removal after lithotripsy, has its unique advantages, especially Holmium laser lithotripsy under urological endoscopy, which not only can break stones completely and have good stone removal effect, but also can deal with the accompanying ureteral polyps and stenosis at the same time; like the complex deerstalked kidney stones mentioned above, it is better to take open surgery, or removal of the kidney if the kidney function is severely impaired. Lower urinary tract stones are most commonly seen in older men and children, the former with secondary prostatic hyperplasia, urethral strictures and neurogenic bladder, and the latter due to malnutrition. The clinical manifestations are mainly difficulty in urination, painful urination and hematuria. The treatment mostly requires surgical methods, and for those who have stones due to clear causes of obstruction such as prostatic hyperplasia and urethral stricture, the primary obstructive disease should be treated at the same time. The use of open surgery for stone extraction is gradually decreasing, and most bladder stones can be treated with minimally invasive surgical methods such as cystoscopic lithotripsy. Urethral stones mostly come from the bladder, and those close to the urethral orifice can be directly removed by clamping, while posterior urethral stones can be treated as bladder stones after pushing a urethral probe into the bladder.