The precautions for hypertensive patients include: reasonable diet, moderate exercise, smoking and alcohol cessation, psychological balance, self-management, and timely medical consultation.
I. Reasonable diet
1, first of all, we should control the energy intake, advocate eating compound sugars, such as starch, corn, less glucose, because it is a monosaccharide, easy to cause elevated blood lipids.
2, limit the intake of fat. When cooking, use vegetable oil, can eat more sea fish, sea fish can lower cholesterol, inhibit thrombosis, to prevent stroke.
3, moderate intake of protein. Eat fish protein 2-3 times a week, can improve vascular elasticity and permeability, increase urinary sodium discharge, thus reducing blood pressure. If hypertension combined with renal insufficiency, protein intake should be limited.
4, eat more potassium, calcium-rich and low sodium food, such as potatoes, eggplant, kelp, lettuce. Foods with high calcium content: milk, sour milk, shrimp. Eat less broth, because the broth contains nitrogen leachate increased, can promote the body uric acid increased, increasing the burden on the heart, liver and kidneys.
5, limit the intake of salt: daily should be gradually reduced to less than 6g (ordinary beverage bottle cap a flat cap of salt is about 6g). Appropriate reduction of sodium intake can help reduce blood pressure.
6, eat more fresh vegetables, fruits. Eat fresh vegetables not less than 8 taels per day, fruit 2 to 4 taels.
7, appropriate to increase the intake of seafood: such as seaweed, seaweed, seafood fish, etc.
Second, moderate exercise
Exercise is important for hypertension, there is a saying: “When you are young, use your health for money, when you are old, use exercise for health.” Exercise can not only promote blood circulation, reduce cholesterol production, and can reduce the occurrence of muscle, bone and joint stiffness. Exercise can increase appetite, promote bowel movement, prevent constipation and improve sleep. To develop a good habit of continuous exercise, it is best to do aerobic exercise, such as walking, jogging, tai chi, cycling and swimming are all aerobic exercises.
Precautions for performing exercise.
1, do not overdo or too strong too tired, to take a gradual approach to increase the amount of activity.
2, do not exercise, do not fasting, to avoid hypoglycemia, should be 2 hours after the meal.
Third, quit smoking and limit alcohol
Smoking can lead to high blood pressure. Studies have shown that the systolic blood pressure increases by 10-25 mmHg after smoking a cigarette. long-term heavy smoking also promotes atherosclerosis. People without hypertension can prevent the occurrence of hypertension by quitting smoking, and people with hypertension should quit smoking.
Compared to smoking, there is controversy about the benefits and drawbacks of drinking alcohol. Some say that drinking a small amount of alcohol is beneficial, some say it is harmful, but it is certain that drinking large amounts of alcohol is certainly harmful, high concentrations of alcohol can lead to atherosclerosis and aggravate hypertension.
Fourth, the psychological balance
The psychological manifestations of hypertension patients are nervousness, irritability and emotional instability, which in turn are the triggers that make blood pressure rise. Patients can change their behavior, develop good adaptability to the natural environment and society, avoid emotional excitement and excessive tension and anxiety, and be calm and collected when things go wrong; when there is greater mental pressure should try to release, confide in friends, relatives or encourage participation in relaxing amateur activities, pour their spirit into music or flowers, so that they live in the best situation, so as to maintain Stable blood pressure.
V. Self-management
1.Measure blood pressure regularly, at least once in 1-2 weeks
2.Take antihypertensive drugs regularly, and do not reduce or stop the dosage at will, but adjust it according to your condition under the guidance of your doctor to prevent your blood pressure from rebounding.
3, it is best to bring your own blood pressure monitor and learn to self-test blood pressure
4, most people’s blood pressure obviously has a circadian rhythm, that is, the daytime activity state blood pressure is higher, after sleep at night blood pressure is lower. Generally, there are two peak periods of blood pressure during the day, namely 6-10 a.m. and 4-8 p.m. Blood pressure can be measured during these two periods to understand the highest point of blood pressure during the day.
5, daily early in the morning when you wake up that blood pressure measurement. The blood pressure level at this time reflects the sustained effect of the antihypertensive effect of drugs and the blood pressure condition during the night sleep. If the blood pressure is the same as the daytime level during the nighttime sleep, you should take additional antihypertensive medication before bedtime as appropriate;
6, 2-6 hours after taking antihypertensive drugs to measure blood pressure. Because short-acting preparations generally reach the maximum degree of blood pressure reduction 2 hours after taking the drug, medium-acting and long-acting preparations of antihypertensive effect peak in 2-4, 3-6 hours after taking the drug, respectively, at this time to measure blood pressure basically reflects the maximum antihypertensive effect of the drug;
7, patients in the beginning of taking antihypertensive drugs or switch to other drugs, in addition to these periods, should be measured every few hours, or 24-hour blood pressure monitoring, to confirm the antihypertensive effect and whether there are fluctuations in blood pressure;
8, the elderly should not be too hasty in lowering blood pressure, systolic blood pressure should be controlled at 140-150mmhg as appropriate to reduce the occurrence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular complications.
6. Seek medical attention on time
The following cases should go to the hospital for medical treatment.
1.Observation of efficacy after taking medication.
2.High fluctuation of blood pressure.
3. The occurrence of blurred vision, dizziness, nausea and vomiting, blurred vision, hemiplegia, aphasia, impaired consciousness, dyspnea, and weakness of limbs.