Maintaining fluid therapy to dilute urine is beneficial for all types of urinary stones. Therefore, increasing urine volume is the key to preventing kidney stones. Studies have shown that adequate water intake reduces the risk of recurrence of kidney stones by 40%. Calcium binds to oxalates in the intestine to prevent their absorption into the blood. Low absorption of oxalate reduces the risk of kidney stones in patients suspected of having kidney stones, so chewable calcium tablets are recommended along with oxalate-rich foods. If the diet does not allow for adequate calcium intake, calcium citrate supplements may be considered as the preferred calcium supplement for patients at high risk for stones because they also increase renal citrate excretion. However, there are no randomized controlled trials to confirm that controlling oxalate intake reduces the risk of stone formation. In addition, some studies have shown that magnesium intake may reduce the risk of symptomatic kidney stones. Diet has a significant impact on the formation of kidney stones. Preventive measures for kidney stones should include dietary modification and medication use to reduce the risk of kidney stone formation. Current dietary recommendations to reduce the risk of kidney stone formation are as follows. 1. consume more water, especially citrate-rich liquids (e.g. lemonade and orange juice), with the goal of urinating more than 2L per day; 2. try to maintain calcium intake at 1000-1200 mg per day; 3. limit sodium intake to 2300 mg per day; 4. limit vitamin C intake to 1000 mg per day; 5. animal protein-containing foods should not be consumed more than 5. daily intake of animal protein should not exceed 2 meals and should be limited to 170-230g (studies have shown that animal protein intake is associated with recurrence of kidney stones in men, but there are no similar findings in women); 6. limit the intake of oxalate-rich foods (such as spinach, strawberries, nuts, rhubarb, wheat germ, dark chocolate, cocoa, and brewed tea).