Indications for surgery for hyperthyroidism (1) Patients with secondary hyperthyroidism or high-functioning adenomas. (2) Patients with more than moderate primary hyperthyroidism. (3) Patients with hyperthyroidism with large glands, with compression symptoms, or with types of hyperthyroidism such as retrosternal goiter. (4) Patients with relapse after treatment with antithyroid drugs or iodine 131 or patients who have difficulties in adhering to long-term medication. (5) Surgery should also be considered in early and mid-pregnancy hyperthyroid patients with the above indications to prevent pregnancy from aggravating hyperthyroidism or hyperthyroidism from adversely affecting pregnancy (miscarriage, preterm labor, etc.). Contraindications to surgery (1) Mild condition and goiter”>Thyroid enlargement is mild, medication can often cure hyperthyroidism and surgery is not needed. (2) Malignant synostosis: severe malignant synostosis treated with surgery may aggravate the synostosis, but generally not heavy synostosis can be treated with surgery, as a relative contraindication. (3)Adolescent patients with hyperthyroidism have immature physical development, which makes them unsuitable for surgery, and there are relatively more recurrences after surgery. (4) Elderly patients with hyperthyroidism have a decline in the function of various organs. (5) The recurrence of hyperthyroidism after surgical treatment makes it more difficult to perform surgery again and surgical complications are likely to occur. (6) Hyperthyroidism combined with early or late pregnancy should not be operated. (7) Surgery should be postponed if the symptoms of hyperthyroidism have not been controlled. (8) Patients with severe liver and kidney diseases should not be operated. Generally speaking, teenagers can not be operated.