Diagnosis and treatment of lumbar disc herniation: Domestic lumbar disc herniation is also known as lumbar disc annulus fibrosus rupture, lumbar disc prolapse, etc. Although the names and meanings of the above diseases are different, they are still called: lumbar disc herniation. Although the name and meaning of the above diseases are different, but the current more unified called: lumbar disc herniation. It is easy to see from the different names that there are a variety of pathologic subtypes of lumbar disc herniation. What are the typical types of lumbar herniated discs and how are they characterized? Lumbar disc herniation is a common and frequent disease, and there are two general methods of typing. The first one is based on the location of the herniated disc. According to the relationship between the herniated disc and the nerve root, the herniated disc can be categorized into central, posterior lateral, and extreme lateral. The second method is based on the degree of lumbar disc herniation, which can be categorized as bulging, protruding, ruptured and prolapsed, free, and transosseous herniation. These two methods of typing help the doctor to analyze the patient’s condition and also help the doctor to perform the surgery – the site and type of herniated disc is analyzed before the surgery, and the appropriate site can be found at the time of the surgery. Which staging is the most difficult to diagnose? Are there mixed types? Lumbar disc herniation is a very complex and common condition. Each patient has different symptoms and different treatment options. Extremely lateral disc herniations, for example, are often overlooked prior to surgery, making it impossible to make a proper determination. If X-rays, CTs and MRIs are looked at carefully and analyzed in conjunction with the patient’s symptoms and signs, a very lateral disc herniation can be discerned. And the condition can be combined with other symptoms. Herniated discs are also accompanied by spinal stenosis, accompanied by lumbar disc herniation on the basis of lumbar spinal stenosis, or by instability of the spine. It is therefore very complex. The diagnosis of a typical case, combined with history, physical examination and imaging, is generally not difficult, especially today with the widespread use of CT and MRI technology. However, there are often patients who delay until the disease is serious, so some experiences are summarized from the general or special physical examination to help patients to check themselves, so as to improve alertness and early treatment. Early diagnosis of herniated disc depends mainly on the medical history as well as the onset of the disease. Judgment is made from the onset of low back pain and the location of nerve root pain. However, some patients do not realize that these symptoms are signs of lumbar disc herniation, thinking that it is simply low back pain or lumbar sprain, when in fact it is a symptom of lumbar disc herniation. If a patient has low back pain and gradually develops leg pain that radiates to the lower extremities, the patient may be experiencing a herniated lumbar disc rather than a simple lumbar sprain. Therefore, if a patient encounters these conditions, he or she needs to go to the hospital for diagnosis and treatment at an early stage. Most patients with lumbar disc herniation can be relieved or cured by non-surgical treatment. The principle of treatment is to change the relative position of the intervertebral disc tissue and the compressed nerve root or part of the retraction, to reduce the compression on the nerve root, to loosen the adhesion of the nerve root, to eliminate the inflammation of the nerve root, so as to alleviate the symptoms. However, for the herniated type, in which the annulus fibrosus is completely ruptured and the nucleus pulposus protrudes into the spinal canal, covered only by the posterior longitudinal ligament or a layer of fibrous membrane, surgical treatment is often required. How to diagnose whether a patient’s condition requires surgical treatment? Patients from the onset of the situation, the onset of a short period of time, the degree is not serious, this type of lumbar disc herniation can be after bed rest, mainly lying in a plank bed, reduce physical activity, so that the pain gradually ease, the nerve edema will gradually eliminate. Many patients will be cured without surgery after three or four weeks of proper rest for those who are not serious in the early stages. But some patients still need surgery. This kind of patients usually have a very rapid onset of disease, and severe pain, through some conservative treatment can not live, and even some patients can not move their toes, paralysis and paralysis of the performance, and there are individual patients with urinary and fecal dysfunction performance, this kind of patients need surgery. In addition, after conservative treatment, the disease often recurs, two or three times a year, seriously affecting the life and work, this situation also needs surgery. What should I pay attention to for the recovery of neurological function after surgery? Are there any recommended adjuvant medications? In the case of disc compression, damage within the nerve occurs after compression, and some clinical signs and symptoms appear. After surgery, the compression is lifted, but it should not be taken lightly, and the patient still needs further recovery. Firstly, the patient should have proper rest; secondly, the hematoma and compression of the incision is also a kind of stimulation to the nerve root, so the wound should be well hemostatic. Some drugs to prevent further edema and damage to the nerve root, neurotrophic drugs and drugs to improve blood circulation are recommended.