In 2013, Spine published the incidence of reoperation after various surgical methods for lumbar disc herniation by Dr. Kim in Korea based on the data from the health insurance database. It helps to understand the reoperation rate of surgical treatments objectively. Reoperation rate for fusion surgery 11.7% Incidence of laminectomy 18.6% Incidence of open surgical treatment 13.7% Incidence of endoscopic surgical treatment 12.4% Incidence of interventional fusion 14.7% As you can see, the expectation of finding a treatment that does not result in a recurrence after surgery is unrealistic. Every surgeon wants their reoperation rate to get lower and lower, and my initial PELD surgeries were very bumpy, taking almost 4 years to complete the first 100 cases, with 7 of the first 100 cases treated with reoperations. After more than 10 years, completing 100 cases now is about 4 months. The secondary surgeries in the last 100 cases were in the neighborhood of 2 cases. All the case statistics of my PELD have reduced the rate of secondary surgery to about 2.5%. This is closely related to the strict control of surgical indications and the narrow scope of practice of only minimally invasive spine surgery.