Intervertebral disc disease constitutes an important category in the field of spinal surgery and is the most important cause of low back pain, therefore, the treatment of intervertebral disc disease has always been a hot spot in spinal surgery. In recent years, as minimally invasive surgical techniques have been increasingly emphasized by clinicians, percutaneous puncture techniques for the treatment of intervertebral disc pathology have provided an easier and safer alternative for an increasing number of patients with low back pain. Among these percutaneous treatments, plasma ablative nucleoplasty (Coblation Nucleoplasty), Percutaneous Laser Disc Decompression (PLDD), and Intradiscal Electrical Thermotherapy,IDET) are representative of many techniques. These methods are designed to provide pain relief by generating an appropriate high temperature state within the intervertebral disc through different mechanisms to achieve cellular rearrangement of the nucleus pulposus or annulus fibrosus, lowering the intravertebral disc pressure and inactivating the nociceptive endings of the sinusoidal nerve fibers within a certain range. The number of reports on these therapies in the literature is gradually increasing, but most of them are short-term clinical reports, and the long-term follow-up results have yet to be further observed clinically; moreover, the evaluation of the effects of these methods is not consistent. The main reason for these results is the short time of clinical application, but another factor is that the understanding of the indications for these therapies has not yet reached a unified opinion, and this difference is more obvious in China. The main indications for these therapies include (1) a diagnosis of primarily discogenic pain and contained disc herniation, (2) a requirement usually for poor results after 3-6 months of treatment with formal nonsurgical methods, (3) the height of the target disc should not be less than 1/2 of its original height, and (4) the lesion should usually not be more than 2 segments in height. Contraindications are mainly intervertebral space infections, vertebral fractures or tumors, disc prolapse or spinal stenosis, and those with significant psychological disorders. With regard to complications, several specific therapies differ from each other. Complications of plasma ablative myeloplasty have been reported less frequently, mainly (1) about 25% of patients complain of pain or discomfort at the puncture site after treatment, (2) a few patients experience transient worsening of low back pain, and (3) intervertebral space infection. The complication rates related to PLDD in the literature range from 5-10% and include (1) nerve injury; (2) bleeding; and (3) discitis or/and vertebral osteomyelitis.Complications of IDET include (1) nerve injury; (2) post-treatment disc herniation; (3) heat-producing lead breakage; and (4) intervertebral disc infection. Although the variety of associated complications reported in the literature is not insignificant, the incidence is low, and especially the incidence of serious complications is even lower. In clinical application, we emphasize the appropriate mastery of the indications. Since these methods have the advantage of being minimally invasive and are attractive to the majority of patients, it is important not to neglect the mastery of the indications by simply complying with the patient’s request or blindly pursuing the number of cases. In terms of the results of the current clinical application, percutaneous puncture therapy in the treatment of intervertebral disc lesions, such as the proper grasp of the indications, should be a class of minimally invasive, safe and effective means of treatment, but the long-term efficacy of these therapies as well as more rigorous and scientific conclusions, is still to be long-term clinical application.