Spinal cord injuries can be divided into two categories: open and closed. The main open injuries are sharp force injuries and firearm injuries. Closed injuries are caused by direct or indirect violence that results in spinal fractures or dislocations that injure the bone marrow. Patients with spinal cord injuries have experienced trauma, direct injury such as knife stabbing, firearm, or indirect injury such as violent blow to the spine, after which sensory, motor, and autonomic dysfunction occurs below the level of injury. The post-injury manifestations vary depending on the severity of the injury, with mild cases showing spinal cord shock and transient sensory and motor dysfunction below the level of injury, lasting from a few minutes to a few hours. In severe cases, spinal cord shock, complete loss of sensation below the level of injury, weakness and paralysis of the limbs, fecal incontinence, and urinary retention can take 2 to 4 weeks or more to recover. In severe cases, the spinal cord can be completely injured, and after the spinal shock period, the muscle tone below the level of injury is increased, tendon reflexes are hyperactive, and movement and sensation are completely lost. In cases of incomplete spinal cord injury, there is partial loss of sensory, motor, rectal and bladder function below the level of injury. Lumbar puncture and spinal imaging are important tools for injury determination. Lumbar puncture can understand whether the spinal canal is open, cerebrospinal fluid properties, pressure, biochemical and routine examination of cerebrospinal fluid, CT and X-ray plain film to understand whether the vertebral body and spinal column fracture or dislocation, MRI shows the condition of the spinal cord. For patients with closed spinal cord injury, high-dose hormone shock and neurotrophic drugs can be given; if surgery is indicated, surgery must be performed in a timely manner to remove compressions such as hematoma, disc tissue or vertebral bone fragments protruding into the spinal canal; patients with spinal cord firearm injury should first deal with combined injuries, active anti-shock, early application of antibiotics, early debridement to remove foreign bodies and hematoma, and laminectomy for decompression if necessary. Treatment of spinal cord injury should be accompanied by attention to the prevention and treatment of complications such as gastrointestinal bleeding; early rehabilitation; hyperbaric oxygen therapy.