Lymphedema is tissue edema caused by lymphatic accumulation in the superficial soft tissues of the limb caused by congenital lymphatic duct dysplasia or secondary lymphatic drainage disorders. The incidence of postoperative lymphedema after surgery is 10-60%. Lymphatic clearance of the axillary and even subclavian lymph nodes in breast cancer blocks the main lymphatic circuit of the upper limb, causing damage to the main lymphatic circuit of the upper limb; poor postoperative drainage forms subcutaneous fluid accumulation in the axilla, wound infection, and necrosis of the trabecular margin, resulting in inflammation or scarring, which affects lymphatic regeneration and reflux compensation after surgery. Radiation therapy is a common cause of triggering or aggravating lymphedema. The combination of two factors, surgery and radiotherapy, and the formation of large deeper scar hard nodes in axillary and supraclavicular areas block the compensatory lymphatic circuits. Radiotherapy not only triggers lymphedema, but also causes venous stenosis or occlusion, and the incidence of limb lymphedema increases significantly. Patients should pay attention to observe whether there is slight edema in upper limbs or chest, and if there is any aggravation, they should promptly tell the doctor, elevate the affected limbs frequently to avoid prolonged drooping, and massage moderately; avoid blood sampling and injection in the affected limbs; avoid measuring blood pressure in the affected limbs, and if there is bilateral upper limb lymphedema, measure blood pressure in the lower limbs; keep the skin of the affected limbs, especially the folds and finger gaps, clean and dry, and rub Avoid strenuous repetitive movements that increase the resistance of the affected limbs; do not lift heavy objects (5 kg), carry bags on the healthy side; do not wear tight necklaces and elastic bracelets; avoid high temperatures when showering or washing dishes, avoid saunas or hot baths, and use sunscreen products; avoid injuries to the affected limbs, such as cuts, burns, sports injuries, insect bites, scratches, etc., and avoid any injuries when trimming nails; maintain an ideal body weight, eat a diet low in salt, high in protein, and easy to digest. salt, high protein, easy to digest diet, avoid smoking, drinking alcohol; wear gloves when doing housework or planting flowers; avoid overexertion of the affected limb, rest when the limb feels pain, elevate the limb; suggest some exercises, such as walking, swimming, aerobic fitness, cycling for gym; report any symptoms of infection, such as rash, itching, redness, pain, increased skin temperature or fever; pay high attention to infection of the affected limb and treat it most aggressively. Auxiliary treatment tools 1.physically driven treatment instrument Principle: Through the mechanical action of periodic pressure and decompression, the lymphatic fluid in the soft tissue is squeezed into the deep venous system. Advantage: fast effect, easy to use, adjustable pressure, can be used repeatedly. Disadvantages: high cost, easy to repeat if not used consistently, inconvenient to carry. Contraindications to the use of physical drive therapy device: acute deep vein thrombosis, severe congestive heart failure, recent implantation, gangrene, dermatitis, built-in artificial joints, prosthetic limbs 2, elastic cuff (1) principle: the highest support pressure is established at the wrist of the wearer, and the pressure decreases gradually up the arm, thus reducing local tissue congestion, avoiding the accumulation of body fluids in one part of the arm, and improving local microcirculation. At the same time, the cuff acts as a scaffold for the affected limb, which helps the muscles pump away body fluids and promotes the return of lymphatic fluid in the damaged limb to achieve the therapeutic effect of swelling reduction. (2) Precautions for using elastic cuff: the best time to put on the cuff is in the morning when you get up, and the best time to take it off is at night before going to bed (no more than 12 hours a day); after putting on the cuff, whisk it flat against your body; pay special attention not to let rings, bracelets or nails scratch the cuff when putting it on or taking it off; cut fingernails diligently, and prevent skin chapping on hands and arms in the dry season to avoid scratching the cuff; use Neutral detergent hand wash in warm water, do not wring, squeeze dry by hand or use a dry towel to absorb excess water, dry in a cool place, do not put in the sun to dry or artificial heat source under baking. (3) advantages: easy to use, easy to carry, relatively inexpensive. (4) Shortcomings: The pressure value is fixed and needs to be checked by a physician once every 4-6 months, and the pressure value is small (23-32mmHg), which is more suitable for patients with weak constitution, postoperative period or the initial stage of edema. 3.Surgical treatment When the difference in circumference between the affected side and the healthy side of the upper limb is greater than 3cm, moderate lymphedema occurs, the hand starts to swell, nuclear lymphography shows significant obstruction of lymphatic flow, and repeated infection of the affected limb requires surgical treatment. Surgery can be performed to reconstruct lymphatic flow through microsurgical techniques, and surgical treatment of localized lesions can also be performed to reduce volume, weight, and lymphatic production. In conclusion, the discovery of lymphedema requires aggressive conservative treatment and protection, and early treatment can slow down the development of lymphedema. Active anterior lymph node biopsy and targeted axillary lymph node dissection are the most effective methods to prevent postoperative lymphedema.