Congenital heart disease is a serious risk to the life and health of children. The incidence rate is 8% to 10% in live births and 1% to 2% in fetal life. It is estimated that there are 150,000 babies born with various congenital heart diseases in China every year, and about 30% of them may die in infancy. The proportion of congenital heart disease in child mortality is gradually increasing, accounting for more than 50% of infant malformation mortality. According to statistics from our major cities, congenital heart disease has become the second or fourth leading cause of infant mortality. In the past 20 years, the level of treatment for congenital heart disease has been greatly improved, but the morbidity rate is still high, and a part of those who survive after surgery still remain with high morbidity and mortality, and their quality of life is seriously reduced. Experimental and clinical research data show that 15% of congenital heart disease is associated with single gene pathogenesis, but 85% is still caused by multiple genes. In recent years, the rapidly developing perinatal cardiology is based on the concept of secondary prevention, in which congenital heart disease is detected as early as possible through prenatal screening and diagnostic tools; through a standardized counseling system, parents are provided with scientific and detailed information to make decisions about the course of pregnancy or to be fully prepared for possible events that may occur in further pregnancies; and necessary and appropriate interventions are made immediately for the delivered baby. Ultrasound four-chamber heart exploration with short-axis views of the outflow tract and superimposed color Doppler techniques are routinely performed on fetuses around 16 to 20 weeks of gestational age, with a sensitivity of 80% and a specificity of over 90% for the detection of malformations represented by large vessel transposition and arterial duct-dependent complex congenital heart disease. In recent years, with the development of technology, fetal heart detection in the third trimester of pregnancy has also become a mature tool. Epidemiological investigations have shown that the following aspects are associated with high risk factors: 1) maternal factors; 2) factors from the fetal side; 3) family history of congenital heart disease. A consultation system with a combination of obstetric, pediatric, genetic and psychological specialists will play an important role in the necessary preparation and close monitoring of whether the pregnancy is terminated and the problems that must be faced to continue the pregnancy. This is the basic and effective organizational structure of perinatal medicine. Heart failure, severe heart rhythm disturbances, and fetal edema that may occur in the fetus during the second trimester are factors that threaten the life of the mother and fetus during the second trimester. The perinatal cardiac framework allows sufficient time for a portion of the fetus to be transported to an adequately equipped maternity center, where pediatric cardiologists can intervene in a timely manner at the first moment of delivery, and can prevent the infant from developing severe cyanosis and acidosis due to delayed diagnosis, leading to increased mortality.