Immune thrombocytopenic purpura is characterized by bleeding from the skin, mucous membranes or internal organs, and involves a wide range of TCM pathologies, including the entire spectrum of blood pathologies. The causes of thrombocytopenic purpura can be summarized as external and internal injuries, and the pathogenesis can be summarized as external heat, blood heat delusion; spleen qi deficiency, qi does not take in blood; spleen and kidney yang deficiency, no power to regulate; liver and kidney yin deficiency, deficiency fire on inflammation; blood stasis blocking the channels, blood does not follow the meridians. The acute type mostly develops due to external heat and toxicity or heat in the blood, so that the fire is strong and moves the blood, burning the veins and ligaments and forcing the blood to move delicately. Some of the actual cases may become chronic as the disease develops and the fire-heat evil consumes Qi and injures Yin. Most of the cases are chronic at the beginning, with deficiency of the liver, spleen and kidney as the basis for its pathogenesis, and stasis of blood throughout the disease. The acute onset of the chronic form is characterized by a deficiency of the essence and the symptoms, and is mostly triggered by external sensation or overwork. The disease is prone to coexistence of deficiency and reality, with Yin deficiency, Qi and Yin deficiency, and Spleen and Kidney Yang deficiency being common; heat and stasis are common in reality, and dampness is occasionally seen. However, in patients who have repeatedly used hormone therapy and failed or relapsed, they show signs of yin deficiency and fire during hormone use and symptoms of spleen and kidney yang deficiency after stopping use. Western medicine alone has the disadvantages of easy recurrence, unsatisfactory therapeutic effect, and toxic side effects, etc. The efficacy of western medicine is limited, and eventually most of them cannot be persistently used because of drug resistance or because of intolerable side effects. Zhang Zhongjing listed Gui Zhi Tang at the top of all prescriptions, and Ke Yunbo called it “the leader of the group”, and the Classic of Classes pointed out that “the person is only the surface and the inside, the surface and the inside is only the yin and the yang, the yin and the yang is the Ying and the Wei, the Ying and the Wei is the blood and the Qi.” All diseases, regardless of surface and internal evidence, are the result of the imbalance of yin and yang, and their treatment is always “to check the location of yin and yang and regulate it, in order to pacify the period”. Gui Zhi Tang harmonizes Ying and Wei, which is based on regulating Yin and Yang, nourishing Yin and Yang. In the “Golden Guide to Medicine”, it is said that “Gui Zhi Jun Paeoniae is the purpose of astringent sweating in sweating, while Paeoniae is the subject of Gui Zhi, which is the function of harmonizing the Ying and Wei. In this formula, Gui Zhi is pungent and warm, which helps the Wei to pass Yang; Paeonia lactiflora is sour and cold, which benefits Yin and astringes Ying. The ginger is pungent and dispersing, with the gui Zhi guarding the outside; the jujube is sweet and slow, helping the peony to help the inside; the licorice is sweet and flat, going to the guard and warm, into the camp and nourishing, harmonizing the drugs. Therefore, it contains Gui Zhi Gan Cao Tang, which transforms Yang with pungency and sweetness, and Paeoniae Gan Cao Tang, which transforms Yin with acidity and sweetness. When yin and yang are harmonized, both the exterior and interior are harmonized. Therefore, Gui Zhi Tang not only treats external sensation, but also treats miscellaneous diseases, as Xu Lingtai said, “This soup can be used for relieving muscle and harmonizing Ying and Wei when it is used for superficial evidence, and for harmonizing Qi and regulating Yin and Yang when it is used for internal evidence.” The treatment of purpura with Gui Zhi Tang plus and minus is to regulate Ying and Wei with pacifying medicine, to follow the trend and adjust Yin and Yang, to rebuild and restore the body’s own ability to resist disease, to achieve the harmony of “Qi”, to seek the “order” of the body as a self-organized open complex giant system. The formula also focuses on rebuilding and restoring the body’s ability to resist disease, achieving harmony of “qi” and seeking “order” in this self-organized open complex giant system. At the same time, through the foodstuffs of cinnamon stick, ginger, jujube and licorice in the formula, it strengthens the spleen and opens the stomach, so as to protect the backbone of the body and achieve the purpose of regulating the yin and yang of Ying and Wei, so that the positive qi can flourish and no evil qi can stay. For most patients with refractory purpura, the condition is recurrent, and the long term disease must be kidney deficiency, so the deficiency evidence is the main reason, the treatment is more with the products that benefit the qi and nourish the kidney, in order to achieve the treatment purpose.