On September 30, 2009, Lao Liu, who was ready to be discharged home for the holidays, held the hands of Prof. Zhu Sunhong, Prof. Mo Zhaohui and attending physician Liu Shengping to express his gratitude. This is the 11th case of type 2 diabetes treated by laparoscopic modified gastrointestinal diversion at Xiangya No.3 Hospital. Like other patients, Lao Liu’s blood sugar has improved significantly compared with that before the operation, and the indicators of type 2 diabetes have basically recovered. At the same time, the postoperative hypertension and hyperlipidemia symptoms of patients with metabolic syndrome have also improved significantly. The discovery of gastrointestinal diversion surgery is a purely “misguided” one, which has a certain history. In the 1950s, bariatric surgery was first used to treat obesity, and initial clinical observations showed that type 2 diabetes significantly improved and insulin use significantly decreased in patients with obesity, but this phenomenon did not receive sufficient attention. It was only in the 1990s that Pories et al. of the Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University reported in the Annals of Surgery (a world-renowned academic journal) the results of a follow-up study of more than 1,000 cases who had undergone bariatric surgery, which once again proved the fact that diabetes improved in obese patients after bariatric surgery, and the efficiency rate was >84%, and only then did it attract the attention of the academic community. It is only after the results of this study that the academic community has paid great attention to this procedure. On September 15, 2008, the first global summit on surgical treatment of type 2 diabetes was held in New York, with the NIH (National Institutes of Health), ADA (American Diabetes Association), EASD (European Association for the Study of Diabetes), and the American Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD). EASD (European Association for the Study of Diabetes) experts in attendance on the availability of gastrointestinal diversion surgery for BMI.