The debate about the availability of vaccines for patients with rheumatic diseases has been going on for almost 50 years. Research has found that the development of rheumatic diseases may be associated with certain viral or bacterial infections, and that these disease-causing microorganisms induce rheumatic diseases by causing the body to produce antibodies against its own tissues through mechanisms such as molecular mimicry. Vaccines are live or inactivated pathogenic microorganisms or toxoid produced by pathogenic microorganisms, which retain some of the antigenicity of the pathogenic microorganisms, which raises the concern whether vaccines can induce rheumatic diseases or aggravate rheumatic diseases through the above-mentioned pathways? On the other hand, patients with rheumatic diseases who are on long-term hormones and immunosuppressive drugs often have low immunity and are prone to infections, posing a major health threat to these patients, some of which could be prevented by the use of vaccines. It is precisely because of the benefits and possible disadvantages of vaccines for patients with rheumatic diseases that the use of these vaccines is a matter of debate. Nonetheless, it is certain that patients with rheumatic diseases, despite their compromised immune response, can be prevented from infection with a variety of vaccines, including influenza, hepatitis B, tetanus, pneumococcal polysaccharide, and herpes zoster vaccines. However, the following points should be noted in the selection and use of vaccines: (1) Live (viral) vaccines are prohibited and inactivated vaccines can be used: The 2008 American College of Rheumatology guidelines recommend that patients with rheumatoid or lupus who apply leflunomide, methotrexate, or salazosulfapyridine can receive inactivated vaccines and avoid live vaccines. Even attenuated live vaccines can cause serious infections in patients with low immune function, but for inactivated vaccines, although there are reports of aggravation of the original rheumatic disease after using the vaccine, it is after all very rare, and most patients are safe and can play a certain protective role, so they can still be used. (2) Since the response to the vaccine is not as good as normal people, perhaps more vaccinations are required if necessary; (3) Timing of vaccination: relatively stable rheumatic disease without severe organ failure; (4) Vaccination is not recommended in the following cases: those with severe allergies such as allergy to eggs or any other components of the vaccine; those with colds and fever. (5) Remain on site for 30 minutes after vaccination, after which take care to rest more, drink more water, avoid straining, and observe possible uncomfortable reactions. (6) It is best not to receive two vaccines at the same time (or at different sites if necessary) and preferably at least 14 days apart.