Insomnia is a condition in which the quality and quantity of sleep cannot meet the normal needs of an individual due to a disorder in the initiation and maintenance of sleep. Insomnia manifests itself in various ways, including difficulty in falling asleep, lack of deep sleep, easy to wake up, early waking up with dreams, not easy to go back to sleep after waking up, discomfort after waking up, fatigue, or daytime sleepiness. Insomnia can cause anxiety, depression or phobia in patients, and lead to decreased efficiency of mental activities, hindering social functioning. The prevalence rate is 10-20%. May be related to the following reasons: 1, acute stress: common situations such as transient overexcitement, anxiety, nervousness, recent mourning, physical discomfort, as well as changes in the sleep environment, jet lag across time zones, etc. can cause transient or short-term insomnia. 2, drugs: common caffeine, theophylline, thyroxine, cocaine, corticosteroids and anti-tremor paralyzing drugs. The side effects of certain drugs have an interfering effect on sleep, such as adrenaline-like drugs often cause headache, anxiety, tremor and so on. Sedative drugs produce dysregulation of wake-sleep rhythms. Rebound insomnia caused by drug withdrawal reaction. 3, psychological caused by excessive sleep defensive thinking: often overly concerned about their own difficulty in falling asleep, worried about insomnia, worried about insomnia and the impact of the next day’s work, the result is that the more they want to fall asleep as soon as possible, the more excited, worried and anxious to make them more awake so that it is difficult to fall asleep. Such insomnia accounts for about 30% of the total number of insomnia. 4.Other mental diseases: such as mania due to day and night excitement and restlessness and less sleep or sleeplessness and depression caused by early waking. How to treat insomnia? Insomnia treatment first need to doctor and patient joint efforts, close cooperation. The main aspects of the cause of the solution, a correct understanding of insomnia, adhere to the treatment plan, establish confidence in treatment. 1, cognitive therapy: many patients have high expectations of sleep, they are overly concerned about their own sleep, exaggerated that their sleep time is seriously insufficient, resulting in brain power, physical strength can not be fully restored. Many patients often claim that they have overnight dreams or even nightmares, so that the brain does not get any rest at all, and believe that insomnia leads to serious damage to the body. Most patients have already adopted some preventive and curative measures, but the results are not good, and they lack confidence in treatment. Cognitive therapy should be implemented to help patients have an objective and correct understanding and awareness of the symptoms and distress caused by insomnia, so as to reduce negative emotions. 2. Behavioral therapy: On the basis of correct understanding of insomnia, patients should establish a set of behaviors that can promote good sleep, including normal wake-sleep rhythm, enhance mental and physical activities during the daytime, get up on time, engage in all normal daily activities, even if drowsiness is hard to bear, they should also be invigorated, so as to make the organism in a restful state naturally at night. In addition, before and after going to sleep to make the body and mental relaxation, can be used before going to bed to wash feet with warm water, eat easy to digest food, avoid too excited about recreational activities, but also for relaxation training, using deep breathing, imagination and other ways to relax themselves. 3, drug therapy: more effective, the most used drugs are sedative-hypnotic drugs. According to the different conditions of insomnia to choose different drugs, difficult to fall asleep to take fast-acting, short-acting short-acting drugs to avoid waking up in the morning after the continuous effect of drugs. Those who do not sleep deeply and wake up early can take long-acting drugs with slow onset and long duration of action. Medium-acting drugs can be used for those who have difficulty falling asleep, poor sleep and early awakening at the same time. Anti-anxiety or antidepressant drugs can be used for those with significant anxiety or depression. Antidepressants are often chosen for their hypnotic and sedative effects. What are the signs of narcolepsy? Excessive daytime sleepiness. This is characterized by frequent sleepiness and drowsiness, especially in quiet or monotonous environments, as well as varying degrees of irresistible sleepiness regardless of the occasion or even when there is a need to be very awake. Excessive sleep is not due to sleep deprivation, drugs, alcohol, physical illness, or part of the symptoms of a mental disorder (e.g., neurasthenia, depression). Excessive sleep causes significant distress or impairment of social, occupational, or other important functions. A common impairment is cognitive and memory dysfunction, which is characterized by memory loss, reduced thinking skills, difficulties in learning new things, and even an increased incidence of accidents. These problems often make patients depressed, and even mistaken by others as lazy and unmotivated, causing serious psychological stress. How is narcolepsy treated? Firstly, the cause of the disease must be understood as much as possible in order to release and eradicate the cause of the disease. The second is drug treatment, the principle of medication is that it must be individualized, use different drugs for different symptoms, strict dosage and time of medication, and replace new drugs for those who have drug resistance. Daytime sleepiness can be used in small doses of central stimulants, such as Ritalin, amphetamine and so on. After using stimulants, it will aggravate the sleep disorder at night, and short-acting sleeping pills can be added appropriately. The third is behavioral treatment, should strictly abide by the work and rest time, go to sleep and get up on time every day, and take regular naps during the day. Increase the activities during the day to improve the excessive drowsiness during the day and thus improve the night sleep. Doctors can ask patients to keep track of their drowsiness, check for failure to comply with the designated bedtime, forgetting to take medication and other behaviors that aggravate the condition, and regulate their behaviors by means of incentives and penalties. What is sleep walking disorder? The patient, shortly after falling asleep, suddenly gets up from bed and walks around, often gazing forward with both eyes, generally not speaking, and not answering questions. Patients may also have some complex behaviors, such as being able to avoid obstacles in front of them, chopping wood, pouring water, opening drawers, etc.. However, it is difficult to be awakened, often lasting several minutes to tens of minutes, go to bed on their own, or be led back to bed and fall asleep again. When waking up the next day, the sleepwalking is completely forgotten. Sleepwalking mostly occurs shortly after falling asleep, and high amplitude slow waves may appear on the EEG during the attack. However, the EEG is normal during the day and at night when there are no seizures. Most often, they return to bed automatically and go back to sleep. The seizures usually occur in the first third of sleep, during deep sleep. On awakening the next day there is no recollection of the occurrence. Since the patient is unconscious during the seizure and cannot guard against danger, there is a possibility of accidents, so the first thing to do is to remove hazardous materials to ensure safety. In children, the disease usually resolves spontaneously with age. In adult patients with more severe symptoms, interventions such as sedative-hypnotic drugs or antidepressants may be considered. What are nightmares? Nightmares are dreams of being in a dangerous situation, causing the patient to be afraid, nervous, frightened, moaning, shrieking, or unable to move until they wake up. Once awakened, the person becomes lucid, has a clear recollection of the terrifying content of the dream, and remains in a state of panic. Attacks usually occur late in the night during sleep. Occasional nightmares are natural and do not require special treatment. If the frequency of attack is high, it will cause serious impact on life and should be intervened. First of all, we should find out the cause of the nightmare and deal with the cause, such as not watching scary books and movies before going to bed, slowly stop using sedative sleeping pills, and relaxing and adjusting the sleeping position before going to bed in order to ensure a good night’s sleep. Nightmares caused by stressful events in life should be treated with psychotherapy, so as to make the patient understand the causes of nightmares and correctly recognize nightmares in order to eliminate the fear. The symptoms of patients tend to decrease with age.