The incubation period of HIV means that the infection has not yet developed. There are usually no uncomfortable symptoms and no specific clinical signs, so self-testing is inaccurate and unattainable. If the antibodies are positive, it is necessary to do the confirmatory test, and only if the confirmatory test is also positive, the diagnosis of HIV infection can be made, because there is a possibility of false positives in the initial screening. For patients diagnosed with AIDS, further tests for CD4 cells and HIV count are needed to determine if antiretroviral treatment is needed.