The human pleural cavity is a closed cavity and is in a highly sensitive state. Ultrasound can assist in the diagnosis of tuberculous pleurisy by detecting pleural fluid at an early stage, assisting clinicians in formulating treatment plans, and dynamically observing and judging the efficacy. Meanwhile, ultrasound-guided puncture and aspiration is the imaging method of choice for tuberculous pleurisy because of its simplicity, low cost, high diagnostic and localization accuracy, and real-time observation of the entire operation. Most patients with tuberculous pleurisy will develop pleural fluid, which can cause great pain to patients if they are diagnosed late or if the pleural fluid is not treated thoroughly and forms a multiroom, encapsulated pleural effusion.