The traditional concept of pregnancy and childbirth has always been regarded as a unique thing for women, and once there is a miscarriage, the poor “mothers-to-be” may also be accused of being “useless” and “uncompetitive”, making Some “mothers-to-be” have to endure not only physical pain but also great psychological pressure. However, medical progress is gradually unraveling the mystery of miscarriage, and many “wrongful” cases of miscarriage have been “vindicated”. The truth behind the mystery is that miscarriages caused by male factors cannot be ignored! What male factors are likely to cause miscarriage in women? The most direct factor is of course the quality of sperm, and the factors that can cause a decrease in sperm quality are attributed to indirect factors. Let’s talk about the direct factors first. After a rain or shine, a large number of sperm carrying genetic information can’t wait to enter the female reproductive tract and swim desperately towards their destination, the abdomen of the fallopian tube where the egg is located, to start the journey of passing on the family. The sperm’s tail beats rhythmically, like a ship’s pulp, pushing the sperm forward quickly, while sperm with too short a tail, a curly tail, a broken tail, or a double tail are obviously not moving forward fast enough and lose out on the long journey. After one hurdle, many of the sperm fall in the middle of the journey, and of the hundreds of millions of sperm that once existed, only a few hundred athletes are left to come to the egg. These athletes surround the egg and scramble to be the first to get inside. But brute force alone is obviously not enough; the acrosome outer membrane of the sperm head fuses with the sperm membrane at multiple points, the acrosome ruptures, releasing the acrosome contents, and the zona pellucida around the egg dissolves before the sperm can penetrate the zona pellucida and identify, bond and fuse with each other and the egg cell, opening a new era of life. What kind of sperm is associated with miscarriage? Some studies have shown that men with high rates of sperm DNA fragmentation have a significantly increased risk of causing miscarriage in their partners. Half of the DNA in an embryo is derived from sperm, and sperm DNA is important throughout the development of the embryo. Damage to the DNA of the sperm may have little effect on the sperm’s ability to fertilize, so it is still possible for a sperm with damaged DNA to meet and unite with an egg, which can still lead to a woman’s pregnancy. However, when the pregnancy reaches a certain point, the effects of DNA damage gradually become apparent and embryonic development stalls, resulting in miscarriage. Abnormalities in the sperm chromosomes are also closely related to miscarriage. The 23 pairs (46) of chromosomes in human somatic cells are relatively stable in number and structure, and a little more or less may have undesirable consequences. In normal humans, when forming germ cells, the primary spermatocyte or oocyte must undergo meiosis so that the 46 chromosomes are divided into two, so that each sperm and egg contains only 23 chromosomes. After fertilization, the sperm and egg fuse as one, and the chromosomes from each parent combine again into 23 pairs (46) to form a normal embryo. Any uneven distribution of chromosomes during this process will result in abnormal chromosomes in the sperm, and the union of this chromosomally abnormal sperm with a normal egg will result in an abnormal trisomic or monosomic fertilized egg. Monosomal fertilized eggs often die early in embryonic development, resulting in miscarriage or stillbirth; trisomal fertilized eggs are also prone to miscarriage, and even if they barely survive to birth, they are likely to be congenitally malformed or to develop into an imbecile. In addition, the correlation between sperm count, motility, malformation rate, and substances such as acid phosphatase and elastase in seminal plasma and miscarriage has been reported in the literature and no consensus has been reached. However, one thing is clear that miscarriage in women is also inextricably linked to men, so don’t always let women be wronged, men should be brave enough to go to the hospital and check it out. In addition to the sperm factor, the impact of indirect factors on miscarriage cannot be ignored. The impact of women’s age on fertility has always been of greater concern, while the impact of men’s age on fertility outcomes is equally important. Studies have shown that over the age of 40, the probability of sperm aneuploidy and genetic mutations increases, and sperm DNA is more likely to break, resulting in lower conception rates and higher miscarriage rates. Environmental factors and bad habits may have a negative impact on sperm quality. For example, drivers and chefs have to face the engine and stove for a long time, which makes the local temperature of the scrotum too high, and the high temperature is not conducive to the production and maturation of sperm. Renovation workers, printing workers or some special workers may be affected by chemical dyes, radioactive substances or radiation to varying degrees, causing an increase in sperm deformities. And people who smoke, drink or take drugs for a long time, or frequently dye and perm their hair may suffer from sperm malformations, sperm chromosome or DNA damage, thus increasing the chances of their wives miscarrying. Therefore, in order to reduce the incidence of miscarriage, men with fertility requirements should be courageous, cultivate a good lifestyle, maintain a relaxed mood, strengthen physical exercise and rationalize their diet.