In our country, miscarriage is defined as the termination of a pregnancy of less than 28 weeks and a fetus weighing less than 1 kilogram. Depending on the cause, there are spontaneous and induced abortions. Here we will mainly talk about spontaneous abortion. More than half of all spontaneous abortions are due to chromosomal or genetic abnormalities in the fetus during embryonic development. In some cases, the health status of the mother is also relevant to the ability of the fetus to thrive. For example, if the mother has severe diabetes, an abnormal uterine structure or an endocrine disorder such as thyroid, this may also lead to miscarriage. In addition, studies have shown that smoking and excessive caffeine intake (>200mg/day) may also be a cause of early miscarriage. In addition, there are some spontaneous abortions with unknown causes. Statistically, about 10-20% of pregnancies are miscarried, and the actual number is likely to be higher. Because many miscarriages occur early in pregnancy, many women are not even aware that they are pregnant because the pregnancy is so short. Is a second miscarriage likely? Generally speaking, spontaneous miscarriage usually occurs only once. However, the risk of miscarriage in a second pregnancy is related to the number of times a woman has had a spontaneous miscarriage. the risk is about 20% after 1 miscarriage, 28% after 2 miscarriages, and 43% after 3 or more miscarriages. The risk may seem high, but for most women, it is not a cause for concern. Less than 5% of women will have two consecutive miscarriages, and just 1% will have three or more consecutive miscarriages. However, the risk of miscarriage increases as women get older. After the age of 40, more than one third of all pregnancies will result in spontaneous abortion. What tests do I need before I get pregnant again? If you have had more than two spontaneous abortions, it is advisable to have these tests before preparing for another pregnancy: Blood tests: blood tests to check the hormone levels and immune factors in the body, as well as endocrine tests such as thyroid function and blood sugar. Chromosomal examination: It is advisable for both spouses to have a chromosomal examination to rule out the cause of chromosomal abnormalities. In addition to this, the uterus can be checked by ultrasonography, hysteroscopy and hysterosalpingography. If the cause of the miscarriage cannot be detected, do not worry too much. About 60% to 70% of women who have a history of unexplained recurrent miscarriages eventually have a healthy baby. The best time to get pregnant again It is best to give yourself some time to recover before trying to get pregnant again. After a spontaneous miscarriage, it takes a few hours to a few days to recover physically, and the cycle can resume in about four to six weeks. And only after this is it possible to conceive again. It is important to note, however, that miscarriage may bring about strong feelings of loss and negative emotions for both partners, such as anger, sadness or guilt. Don’t worry too much, these emotions are normal, but please adjust them in time and consult your doctor or psychologist if necessary. After a miscarriage, once you are ready to get pregnant again, it is best to consult your doctor and follow the following principles: 1. Single miscarriage If you have had only one spontaneous miscarriage, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that it is best to consider another pregnancy after 6 weeks of miscarriage. 2. If there has been a history of more than 2 miscarriages, it is advisable to consult a doctor before conceiving again, preferably to assess the underlying causes of the miscarriage and to develop a scientifically feasible treatment plan. 3. Staphyloma A staphyloma pregnancy is a benign tumor that occurs in the uterus, mainly due to the proliferation of placental chorionic trophoblast cells, forming a large number of grape-like blisters that do not develop into a normal embryo. For women with gravidity, it is generally advisable to wait more than 1 year before trying for the next pregnancy. Improving the chances of a healthy conception Maintaining a healthy lifestyle before and during pregnancy is important to ensure a smooth delivery. It is recommended to start taking folic acid supplements a few months before pregnancy. It is also important to maintain a healthy weight, stick to physical exercise, eat a sensible diet and control caffeine intake. It is also important to avoid excessive mental stress, stay away from smoking, alcohol and drugs. If you have a history of multiple miscarriages, you need to be more careful and monitor your pregnancy again. Seek medical attention as early as possible before preparing for pregnancy.