Urinary stones are a common condition of the urinary tract. Stones can be found in any part of the kidney, bladder, ureter and urethra. However, kidney and ureteral stones are the most common. The clinical presentation varies depending on the location of the stone. The typical manifestations of kidney and ureteral stones are renal colic and hematuria. Before the onset of colic caused by stones, the patient does not feel anything, but due to some trigger, such as strenuous exercise, labor, long car rides, etc., sudden onset of severe colic on one side of the waist, and radiation to the lower abdomen and perineum, accompanied by abdominal distension, nausea, vomiting, varying degrees of hematuria; bladder stones are mainly manifested by difficulty in urination and painful urination. The main cause is the excessive intake of calcium oxalate, calcium phosphate and uric acid in food, which cannot be fully absorbed by the body due to low solubility and are precipitated from body fluids and deposited in any part of the kidney, ureter, bladder and urethra, forming tiny crystal particles. At this time, if you drink more water and exercise more, the crystalline particles may be eliminated. Conversely, as more and more sediment is deposited, the crystalline particles will become bigger and bigger like a “snowball”, becoming stones and causing clinical symptoms. The first symptom of a urinary stone is severe pain, which is constant and colicky in nature. When the stones are small, they may be flushed out by urine and the pain is relieved. Larger stones may cause urinary tract obstruction, hydronephrosis, infection, and in severe cases, may affect kidney function. In other cases, the stones are accompanied by infection for a long time, which stimulates the epithelial tissue and induces cancer. Therefore, although the stones are small, they are very harmful and should not be underestimated. The symptoms are sudden onset, severe back pain, continuous or intermittent pain, and radiation along the ureter to the iliac fossa, perineum and scrotum; hematuria or purulent urine, difficulty in urination or interruption of urine flow, etc. Treatment Treatment of urinary tract stones is based on the size, location, number, shape, one or both sides of the stone, the presence of urinary flow obstruction, concomitant infection, the degree of impaired kidney function, general condition and treatment conditions, etc. Specific analysis and comprehensive consideration are required. At present, there are non-surgical treatments such as herbal medicine, acupuncture, lithotripsy by changing the pH of urine and extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy, and surgical treatments available. Ureteroscopy and percutaneous nephrolithotomy are new techniques that are less invasive and can be applied optionally. Open surgical treatment is required if necessary. After lithotripsy treatment, it is important to pay attention to the stone discharge, not to make the mistake of thinking that the stone is definitely discharged when the symptoms disappear, in addition to pay attention to drinking more water, moderate exercise to facilitate the discharge of stone fragments, but also pay attention to the collection of debris, so that professional doctors can analyze the stone composition and develop anti-stone program. Dietary contraindications 1. Patients with this disease should not eat cholesterol-containing animal liver, kidneys, brain, sea shrimp, clams and crabs. 2, eat less food containing oxalic acid, high calcium, such as spinach, rape, kelp, walnuts beets, chocolate, milk powder, sesame paste, pickled scallops, etc.. 3, it is best not to drink alcohol, strong tea, strong coffee. Suitable diet 1, patients suffering from this disease should have a light, low protein, low fat diet. 2, the diet should be diversified, rich in nutrients and vitamins, such as fresh vegetables, cucumbers, beans, mung bean sprouts; fresh fruits, such as apple sorbet, watermelon, grapes, orange, citrus, etc. 3, develop the habit of drinking more water, generally should drink 1500-2000 ml of water per day as well as juice, light tea and other beverages, such as chrysanthemum crystal, thatch root bamboo cane crystal, summer mulberry, etc. 4, can eat ginseng Huai Shan carp porridge: 250 grams of carp, Huai Shan 30 grams, 30 grams of northern ginseng, 50 grams of white rice. The usual method of boiling porridge, seasoning food. Prevention of urinary stones: At present, as people’s living standards continue to improve, the incidence of its stones is also increasing, although the situation of urinary stones is now on the rise, but as long as we pay more attention from life, can play a preventive role. So how should we pay attention in our lives? Five elements of stone prevention: 1, drink more water, the daily urine volume of at least 1500ml or more, to ensure that sufficient urine can flush the tiny stones. 2, to urinate in a timely manner to avoid urine concentration and precipitation of solid components in the urine. 3.Rational diet. It is recommended to eat more coarse fiber food, more cereals, potatoes and vitamin-rich vegetables and fruits, less food containing high animal protein, especially to reduce the intake of heart, liver, brain and other animal offal. Eat less pickles, fried food, chocolate, and less coffee. 4, to strengthen physical exercise. After work to do more rope skipping, up and down the stairs, running and other sports, which is conducive to the discharge of small stones. 5, regular physical examination, timely detection of small stones, when the corresponding symptoms and signs, do not just tolerate, to go to the hospital in a timely manner to confirm the diagnosis, so as not to delay the disease.