Recent statistics show that congenital cardiovascular anomalies (“precocious heart disease”) have become the main type of birth defects in China’s newborns. The annual births in China are about 21 million, and the incidence of congenital heart disease in live births is about 8-12%, which means that about 150-200,000 children with congenital heart disease are born every year. The survey shows that precocious heart disease is the first factor causing neonatal death, seriously endangering the lives of children with precocious heart disease, and affecting the long-term survival quality of children with precocious heart disease, becoming the number one “killer” threatening children’s health. Therefore, early detection, early diagnosis, formulation of appropriate treatment plans for children with different precocious diseases, and timely treatment are particularly important. The traditional treatment of precocious heart disease relies on surgery, which has been practiced clinically for more than 60 years for common precocious heart diseases such as atrial septal defect, ventricular septal defect (commonly known as the “hole” between the ventricles and the atrium), arteriovenous ductus arteriosus, pulmonary valve stenosis, and Fallot valve stenosis. The majority of children with precocious heart disease have been able to regain their health through surgery, and children with complex heart malformations have been able to prolong their lives and improve their quality of life through decompensated surgery. However, some complications are still unavoidable with traditional surgical treatment, such as anesthesia accidents, ischemia and reperfusion injury to all systems due to extracorporeal circulation, blood transfusion complications, severe postoperative arrhythmias, secondary infections and residual malformations, etc. In addition, the trauma of opening the chest can cause physical pain and psychological stress to the patient. For many years, cardiologists have been striving to find safe and effective ways to cure precordial disease with minimal trauma. As a result, open-chest interventional therapy was developed. After decades of technical exploration and device improvement, the international community has now gained mature experience in the treatment of common precordial diseases (atrial septal defect, ventricular septal defect, patent ductus arteriosus, pulmonary valve stenosis and other malformations) without opening the chest. The Department of Pediatric Cardiology of Anzhen Hospital, with years of experience in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases in children and a solid foundation in surgery for preconditioning, successfully carried out balloon dilatation of pulmonary valve stenosis in 1986 and internal transcatheter occlusion of atrial septal defect, ventricular septal defect, and arteriovenous ductus arteriosus in 1995 in parallel with international practice. In 1997, the mushroom type blocker was applied internationally, which made the treatment of atrial septal defect, ventricular septal defect (myocardial type), arteriovenous insufficiency and other precordial diseases safer, easier and more effective. The Department of Pediatric Cardiology of Anzhen Hospital has completed more than 3,000 cases of interventional treatment with this new technique, including small age, low weight, low growth infants and young children with unclosed ductus arteriosus, especially for patients with thick ductus and combined pulmonary hypertension, with a success rate of 98.6%. The development of interventional therapy provides another treatment option for patients with small membranous ventricular septal defects who do not want to undergo surgery but are afraid that the long-term presence of the defect may cause infective endocarditis. For ventricular septal defects, most parents are now opting for less invasive interventional treatment without opening the chest, as long as the margins are long enough. For atrial septal defects, ventricular septal defects, and arteriovenous malformations, a catheter is used to puncture the femoral vein at the root of the thigh and the femoral artery to establish a pathway along which a blocker is delivered to the site of the defect or malformation, and the defect (atrioventricular “hole” or arteriovenous duct) is closed. The procedure is completed by closing the defect (atrial “hole” or arterial duct). The procedure takes approximately 1-2 hours. For patients with pulmonary stenosis, the procedure is also successful when the catheter establishes a pathway to deliver a balloon to the stenotic pulmonary valve for pressure dilation and observes a satisfactory pressure drop after dilation. The advantages of interventional therapy are very significant and can be summarized as follows: 1, no open-chest cure for precordial disease, avoiding huge incisional trauma and pain 2, no general anesthesia, avoiding serious anesthetic complications 3, avoiding ischemia and reperfusion injury to multiple system organs by extracorporeal circulation in traditional surgery 4, no blood transfusion, avoiding blood transfusion allergy and infection with hepatitis virus and HIV 5, fast postoperative recovery, 24 hours after surgery 6.Good blocking effect, 24 hours after surgery, there is a significant improvement in heart function 7.Long-term observation of the patient’s recovery is good, no blocker fracture phenomenon, quality of life with normal people 8.No open chest no scar, to avoid the knife to bring psychosocial pressure to the patient’s life learning process. In conclusion, interventional therapy has now become the preferred method of treatment for most patients with simple precordial disease, and the endocardium can grow well in 3 months after the blocker is placed in general, bringing the gospel of not opening the chest to cure the majority of patients with non-cyanotic precordial disease. The road to science is long and winding, but the doctors of the Department of Pediatric Cardiology at Beijing Anzhen Hospital are not stopping at their achievements, and are still working hard on the road to curb the “precocious killer” and protect children’s health.