There are many treatment methods for esophageal cancer, including surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, endoscopic treatment, traditional Chinese medicine, radiofrequency, laser, particle implantation, stent placement, etc., among which surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy are the most important ones. The clinical application of two or three of these three treatment methods is often combined in scientific combinations, which is called comprehensive treatment. For example, radiotherapy or chemotherapy can be used before surgery, or simultaneous radiotherapy and chemotherapy can be used before surgery. It can be two combinations or three combinations, depending on the tumor growth and the patient’s physical condition. If the tumor is in very early stage, endoscopic treatment by mucosal resection or radiofrequency is sufficient; some early cases only need surgical treatment; most of the locally advanced cases adopt preoperative radiotherapy and chemotherapy followed by surgery; for postoperative patients with more lymph node metastases, postoperative radiotherapy or chemotherapy is recommended; the above methods are not suitable, and those in critical condition can consider placing esophageal stents, which can achieve symptom relief and improve nutrition in a short period of time. The above methods are not suitable.