The factors that affect the survival time of patients with Holocaust can be divided into four main types: the biological characteristics of cancer, the degree of cancer progression, the effect of treatment, the immunity of human body against cancer and so on. The biological characteristics of cancer refer to the nature of cancer. Gastric cancer with high malignancy grows fast, has strong infiltration and metastasis occurs early; gastric cancer with low malignancy grows relatively slowly, has relatively weak infiltration and metastasis occurs relatively late. Some Borrmann type I gastric cancers are close to benign tumors and do not necessarily infiltrate the plasma membrane when they grow to a large size and are rarely accompanied by lymph node metastasis; whereas Borrmann type IV gastric cancers have basically infiltrated the plasma membrane when they are detected and are rarely not accompanied by lymph node metastasis. The incidence of liver metastasis in early stages of AFP-producing hepatocellular carcinoma is more than 10%. The biological behavior of gastric cancer dominates the process of occurrence and progression of gastric cancer, which is an important factor affecting the survival time of gastric cancer patients. The degree of cancer progression refers to the amount of cancer. Early stage gastrointestinal cancer is less likely to metastasize, easy to cure and less likely to recur; late stage gastrointestinal cancer has more metastases, not easy to cure and easy to recur. The degree of progression is also one of the important factors affecting the survival time of gastrointestinal cancer patients. People with low immunity are prone to cancer, and those who receive organ transplantation and use immunosuppressants for a long time are 20 times more likely to develop cancer than normal people. Patients with cancer who have low immunity will have less control over cancer, and the growth and metastasis of cancer will be accelerated and survival time will be shortened. In fact, the degree of cancer progression is the result of the mutual struggle between the biological properties of cancer and human immunity before the implementation of treatments. The nature of cancer is fixed when gastrointestinal cancer appears, and no one can choose or change the biological behavior of cancer; the degree of cancer progression is also unchangeable when cancer is detected at the time of consultation; it is also difficult to fundamentally change the immunity of human body against cancer. Therefore, the effect of treatment is the most important factor among all the factors that affect the survival time of cancer patients, and it is the only variable factor among all the factors that affect the survival time of patients. Although the basic research on cancer is progressing and more effective drugs for the treatment of gastrointestinal cancer are coming out, the current understanding of human gastrointestinal cancer is still very superficial and the drugs thus developed are far from being able to replace surgical treatment, so surgery is still the preferred method for the treatment of gastrointestinal cancer. For some benign diseases in the gastrointestinal tract, only the organs or tissues related to the disease can be removed according to the treatment principle to relieve the pain of the disease, and even if the operation is a little rough or negligent, more or less tissues can be preserved or removed without causing serious consequences and directly affecting the patient’s life. However, surgery for gastrointestinal cancer is very different. The operator’s operation and the selection of some organs and tissues are related to whether the cancerous tissues remain or not, and whether the related organs function well or not, which directly affects the patient’s survival time and quality of life. The correct treatment of gastrointestinal cancer firstly comes from the correct treatment concept, which comes from the unification of theory and practice. In the work, we constantly learn advanced theories, draw new and useful knowledge and apply them to clinical practice, and the problems and experiences found in clinical practice rise to theories in time. In the process of clinical diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal cancer, repeatedly and continuously learning, exploring and practicing, and then reaching theoretical sublimation, can produce a profound understanding of its nature, thus guiding to establish the correct treatment plan. Any case of gastrointestinal cancer, from symptoms and signs to cancer size, infiltration depth, metastasis mode and status, all have inherent rules. Based on the knowledge and experience accumulated, we should speculate the characteristics, metastasis and progress of cancer from symptoms, signs, imaging examinations and blood test results, and then choose the most suitable treatment plan according to the patient’s physical condition. Fine operation and skillful technique are the key links to implement and complete the correct treatment concept. Perfect surgical operation is governed by the correct concept, which comes from the correct understanding of anatomical structure, skilled operation of the operator, reasonable use of surgical instruments and mutual cooperation of surgical personnel.