Hypertension is the most common cardiovascular disease and the most important public problem in the world. 2004 survey results of the current status of nutrition and health of Chinese residents show that the prevalence of hypertension over 18 years of age is 18.8%, and the number of patients nationwide is about 160 million, compared with 1991, 70 million new patients, an increase of 31%. According to WHO forecast, in 2020, non-communicable diseases will account for 79% of the causes of death in China, of which cardiovascular diseases will take the 1st place. In order to curb this peak of cardiovascular diseases, ensure the health of the people and the sustainable development of our economy in the next century, it is urgent to vigorously carry out the prevention and treatment of hypertension and actively treat patients with hypertension, while controlling the blood pressure level of the whole population. However, the danger of hypertension is far from being fully recognized. Census shows that the awareness rate of hypertension is 36.3% in urban areas and 13.7% in rural areas; the treatment rate is 17.4% in urban areas and 5.4% in rural areas; the control rate is 4.2% in urban areas and 0.9% in rural areas. If we do not rapidly raise the awareness of the whole population and intervene effectively, it is expected that the morbidity and mortality rates of hypertension, coronary heart disease and stroke will continue to increase in China in the future.