Tuberculosis is a chronic infectious disease caused by infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The TB bacillus may invade various organs throughout the body, but mainly attacks the lungs and is called tuberculosis. Tuberculosis, also known as consumption and the ‘white plague’, is an ancient infectious disease that has been present since the beginning of mankind. Historically, it has been widespread throughout the world and was once a major killer of humans, claiming hundreds of millions of lives. 1882 Coho discovered the causative agent of tuberculosis as Mycobacterium tuberculosis, but it remains widespread worldwide because there is no effective treatment drug. Since the 1950s, effective anti-tuberculosis drugs have continued to be discovered, bringing the epidemic under some control. However, in recent years, due to the neglect of TB in many countries, reduced financial investment, coupled with population growth, increased mobility, and the spread of HIV infection. The epidemic of tuberculosis is declining slowly, and in some countries and regions there is a rebound. Therefore, the World Health Organization declared a “global tuberculosis emergency” in 1993 and established March 24 each year as “World Tuberculosis Day”. Tuberculosis is also a major disease that causes poverty and returns to poverty due to the disease. TB is also a zoonotic disease. Tuberculosis is not only a public health problem, but also a socio-economic problem. There is a long way to go for control. As long as the government pays attention to it, increases investment, implements modern, scientific control strategies, and fights against it in a long-term, uninterrupted manner, TB is a disease that can be cured and controlled. Mycobacterium tuberculosis can invade any organ of the human body, which means that tuberculosis can occur in all organs of the human body. Therefore, in order to control or even eliminate tuberculosis, strengthening the treatment and management of tuberculosis patients is the focus of the current tuberculosis prevention and treatment work.