In medical science, age is staged as follows: Neonatal period: birth to within 30 days after birth; Infancy: 31 days to 12 months of age; Early childhood: 1 year to 3 years of age (36 months of age); Preschool: 4 to 6 years of age; Adolescence: 7 to 17 years of age; Adulthood: 18 years of age or older. This division is an artificial delineation. However, it is guided by scientific research, and according to research for human physiology and psychology there are indeed such significant differences. And for each age group, there are overlaps and differences in actual individuals because of many factors such as social, economic and disease. Newborn babies are still in the process of maturation of all vital organs and differ greatly from adults in all physiological indicators. During infancy, all organs of the body develop and mature rapidly. In early childhood, a significant number of important organs are already close to the adult level in terms of morphology and physiology. Later, the growth and maturation of the human body slows down and slowly progresses to adulthood. According to epidemiological survey statistics: the incidence of congenital heart disease is about 0.6-1.2% of the annual birth population, and a significant proportion of them (about 50%) die within one year of birth. Most of the surgical treatment of congenital heart disease is performed in infancy with a success rate of over 95%. The difficulty lies in the fact that many children with congenital heart disease suffer from developmental delays and organ immaturity, and suffer from multiple comorbidities, especially heart failure, pulmonary hypertension, pneumonia, and the resulting secondary lesions of vital organs throughout the body. In the neonatal period some of the children cannot tolerate the surgical blow, the economic investment is huge, part of the disease has developed, but the pediatric treatment and care is proper and not yet life-threatening, but after the age of 1 year many children’s disease is nearly advanced. The reason why cardiac surgery is placed in infancy is because of the progress of medical science. In clinical practice, surgery for congenital heart disease in infants has been accomplished by combining the advanced theories and techniques of almost all related disciplines (including: neonatology, pediatrics, cardiology, anesthesiology, intensive care (room), ultrasound, radiology, laboratory, blood transfusion, etc.). In addition to the presence or absence of indications for congenital heart disease, it is more important to choose the timing of surgery for congenital heart disease because the hospital has the conditions for surgery, i.e. the capability and level of the relevant departments.