Acute promyelocytic leukemia is a malignant hematologic disease with an aggressive onset and a high relapse rate and poor overall survival in patients who rely solely on chemotherapy. The Institute of Hematology of Peking University organized a multicenter prospective randomized controlled trial of oral arsenic (Fuxing Huang Dai Tablets) and intravenous arsenic (Arsenious Acid) for the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia in seven hematology centers across China. This is the first prospective clinical trial in the world to demonstrate the similar efficacy and safety of oral and intravenous arsenic. This research has the potential to revolutionize the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia from inpatient to outpatient settings, improving patient prognosis, quality of life, and reducing healthcare costs.