Myopia is the most prevalent refractive error in the world, and now myopia in children and adolescents not only has an earlier age of onset, but also has a significantly higher incidence, which has become a serious public health problem and has attracted the attention of the Ministry of Education and the Ministry of Health. Myopia not only affects the healthy growth of adolescents, but also causes many serious complications after middle age, which is a heavy burden for individuals, families and society. The administration of our country has made far-sightedness the basis for school admission and employment, so there is an urgent demand for myopia prevention and treatment. The authoritative survey on myopia is summarized as follows: The survey results of the Ministry of Education and the Ministry of Health in 2000 showed that the myopia rate among students in China is the second highest in the world, and the incidence is on the rise. In recent years, a number of studies in mainland China, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Singapore and Australia have shown that the prevalence of myopia among students of Chinese descent has ranked first in the world. Although the incidence of myopia among students is increasing year by year, research on the etiology of myopia, the prediction of its natural course, and the exact and effective methods of myopia prevention is still slow, especially the exact cause of the high prevalence of myopia among Chinese-American students has not been found. Racial differences in the prevalence of myopia have increased significantly in the past few decades among students in Asia, and foreign studies have shown that the prevalence of myopia is higher among Asian students than among students of other races, especially in East Asian countries and regions such as China and Japan, where the prevalence of myopia is much higher than among Caucasians. In Japan, the prevalence of myopia was reported to be about 50% in 1988. Studies based on the prevalence of myopia in children of different races found that Caucasians had the lowest prevalence of myopia, African-Americans had a slightly higher prevalence, and Hispanics had about. Similar to the national findings, several foreign studies have found a significant increase in the prevalence of myopia in students with age. The Malaysian study showed that myopia prevalence among 7-year-olds was 9.8% and 34.4% at age 15, with significant correlations with age, gender, parental education, and Chinese ethnicity. The prevalence of myopia in children was 2.9 in the South African study, and also increased significantly after age 14, reaching 9.6% in adolescents at age 15, but was much lower than the prevalence of myopia in Asian students. The prevalence of myopia among rural students is lower than that of urban students, and the overall prevalence of myopia tends to increase year by year. In a survey of rural Shunyi County, Beijing, Zhao Jialiang showed that 5-year-olds had no myopia, while the prevalence of myopia among 15-year-olds was 36% for males and 55% for females. He surveyed urban students in Guangzhou and found that the prevalence of myopia among 5-year-olds was 3.3%, while the prevalence among 15-year-olds was 73.1%. He et al. later conducted routine eye examinations and refractive status examinations on 2,454 secondary school students in 36 classes in 13 schools in rural Yangxi County, Guangdong, and showed that the prevalence of myopia was 36.8% among 13-year-old students and 53.9% among 17-year-old students, which was higher than that in Shunyi County, Beijing, but lower than that in urban areas of Guangzhou. In conclusion, the development of myopia is related to a variety of factors, but the correlation between many factors and myopia is still not completely certain, so the effective prevention and treatment of myopia needs further epidemiological investigation to provide more favorable evidence.