For patients who can do pathology, the pathology is more reflective of the severity of the disease. For patients who cannot have pathology, the first clinical step is to accurately assess renal function. This includes glomerular filtration function and tubular function. According to glomerular filtration function, chronic renal insufficiency is divided into: renal function compensated stage, renal function decompensated stage, renal failure stage (or pre-uremic), uremic stage; and chronic kidney disease is divided into stages I-V. Renal tubular function is mainly based on the detection of small molecules of protein, sugar and amino acids in urine as well as urine specific gravity and osmolarity, which are divided into abnormalities of reabsorption function and concentration and dilution function. Secondly, the amount of urine protein can also reflect the degree of kidney disease, and the persistence of large amount of proteinuria will aggravate the progress of chronic kidney disease. The amount of red blood cells in urine can reflect the activity of kidney inflammatory lesions, but it has no significant relationship with the prognosis of kidney disease. The combination of anemia and hypertension can also reflect the degree of chronic kidney disease.