Diagnostic criteria for infertility; (WHO diagnostic criteria)
A couple having normal sexual intercourse, without contraception, does not become pregnant after one year.
Primary infertility: never had a previous pregnancy.
Secondary infertility: Previous pregnancy, including miscarriage and ectopic pregnancy.
Reasons for the global increase in infertility rates.
Changes in women’s social status, which delay the age of marriage and childbearing.
Widespread adoption of contraceptive methods.
The loss of control of abortion.
The impact of environmental and ecological problems.
Deterioration of economic conditions.
Etiology of infertility.
Ovulatory causes (25-30%) have various endocrine diseases that cause it, such as premature ovarian failure, polycystic ovary syndrome, gonadal insufficiency, hyperprolactinemia, and pituitary diseases, luteal insufficiency, etc.
Pelvic factors (30%-40%) include tubal incompetence, hydrocele or obstruction, uterine fibroids, uterine malformations, endometriosis, pelvic adhesions.
Male infertility (30%-40%) with oligospermia, weak or teratogenic sperm, abnormal sexual function.
Immune factors (10%-20%) autoimmune antibodies: anti-cardiolipin syndrome, anti-sperm antibodies, anti-endometrial antibodies, anti-ovarian antibodies. Active immune deficiency: closed antibody deficiency.
Unexplained (10%-20%) Some are actually normal and just have a weak ability to conceive, most are probably age related. Others have a real problem, but the available diagnostic methods do not confirm the diagnosis.
Diagnosis of infertility.
Semen analysis in men
Female gynecological examination
Ovulation test
Endocrine hormone test
Hysterosalpingogram
Hysteroscopy, laparoscopy
Treatment of infertility.
Medication for ovulation disorders
Hysteroscopic and laparoscopic treatment for pelvic factors
Combined Chinese and Western medicine treatment for immune factors
Treatment of assisted reproduction techniques