The treatment principle of infertility is to treat the cause of the disease. 1.Treatment of organic lesions: Gynecological inflammation, reproductive tract abnormalities, uterine adhesions and gynecological tumors and other organic lesions should be treated symptomatically. 2.Ovulation monitoring: Ovulation monitoring should be performed from the ninth to tenth day of menstruation. When the follicle diameter reaches 15mm, the measurement of urinary LH should be used to determine the follicle diameter. 3. Induction of ovulation: In patients with abnormal ovulation or anovulation, ovulation can be induced after correction of hormone levels. The most commonly used drugs for ovulation induction include clomiphene (CC), urotropin (HMG) and chorionic gonadotropin (HCG); CC is usually administered orally at 50 mg daily starting on day 5 of the menstrual cycle (the dosage can be increased according to the effect) for 5 days, followed by monitoring ovulation until the follicle reaches 18 mm in diameter and then HCG is injected intramuscularly at 5,000-10,000 IU to promote follicle maturation and expulsion. HMG can be given from day 2-4 of menstruation and monitored by ultrasound until the follicle diameter reaches 18mm, then HCG 5000-10000IU can be injected intramuscularly to promote follicle maturation and expulsion. The time of intercourse should be guided according to the time of medication. 4.Treatment of tubal inflammation and obstruction: For tubal inflammation and obstruction, laparoscopic tuboplasty can be performed according to the results of iodine oil imaging of the uterine tubes and depending on the site of obstruction, and if conception does not occur six months to one year after surgery, assisted reproductive techniques can be used to help conception. 5. Assisted reproductive techniques: (1) Intrauterine insemination (IUI): The method is to inject washed sperm suspension into the uterine cavity through a catheter during the ovulation period of the female partner, provided that the fallopian tubes of the female partner are open. (1) abnormal semen examination, including mild to moderate oligospermia, poor semen liquefaction, etc.; (2) difficulty in sexual intercourse, such as severe premature ejaculation, impotence, etc.; (3) failure of the sperm to function normally in the female reproductive tract due to the female partner’s cervix and vagina, such as cervical canal stenosis, adhesions, abnormal cervical mucus, etc.; (4) unexplained infertility. (2) In vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF): commonly known as the first generation of IVF, it is mainly used for infertility caused by obstruction of the fallopian tubes due to various reasons, which prevents the sperm and egg from meeting, and is the only option for couples who are infertile due to fallopian tube obstruction, and can also be used to treat some other causes of infertility that are not treated by other methods, such as polycystic ovary syndrome, endometriosis, male It can also be used to treat other causes of infertility that are not treated by other methods, such as polycystic ovary syndrome, endometriosis, male oligospermia, immune infertility and unexplained infertility. Specific treatment procedures: ① Assessment of the female partner’s fertility: The female partner needs to undergo endocrine hormone tests and ultrasound examination on the second day of her menstrual period to evaluate ovarian function. Another ultrasound examination will be performed around the 11th day of menstruation to evaluate the endometrial condition. If the above two tests are normal, the ovulation protocol can be determined and wait to enter the cycle. ②The necessary health check-ups for both partners should be performed at the same time as the fertility assessment, and if the check-ups are satisfactory, the couple can enter the cycle. If the female partner has a combination of important medical diseases, acute and chronic active infectious diseases, or malignant tumors of the reproductive system, she is not eligible for IVF fertility assistance. After entering the cycle, the eggs are removed and placed in a culture medium that simulates the human body and treated semen is added. After a period of incubation, the sperm-egg will fuse into a fertilized egg and divide to 4-8 cells. ④ The entire IVF-ET process takes nearly 2 months and requires examination and treatment scheduled according to the patient’s menstrual cycle. The cost is around 20-30,000 RMB, which varies from person to person. The prerequisite for IVF is to provide the “three certificates”, i.e. marriage certificate, ID card and birth certificate of both spouses. (3) Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI): Also known as second-generation IVF. It is mainly used for infertility caused by male factors, such as severe oligospermia or obstructive azoospermia. Pregnancy may be possible with this technique even if there is only a very small amount of viable sperm in the semen, or in patients with obstructive azoospermia, if a small amount of live sperm is obtained by puncture from the testes or epididymis. After ovulation, the eggs are removed from the woman’s body, a single sperm with good viability and normal morphology is selected and injected directly into the egg cell using a microsyringe, and then the embryo is transferred into the uterine cavity to continue its growth and development into a fetus. This technique offers hope for male infertility patients who were previously considered incurable. The timing and process of the whole procedure is the same as IVF-ET, only differing in the laboratory operation, and the cost is only about three thousand dollars more. (4) Embryo freezing: In IVF-ET or ICSI, multiple eggs can be obtained in one ovulation cycle and fertilized in vitro to form multiple embryos, and the remaining embryos can be frozen for storage after transfer. If this cycle fails, these embryos can be thawed and transferred in a subsequent natural cycle. This allows for a higher pregnancy rate in one ovulation cycle and saves the patient money on treatment.