The key to cure tumor is three early Host: According to the research result of World Health Organization, one third of malignant tumor can be prevented, one third can be cured, and one third can prolong the survival period and reduce the pain of patients through local treatment. Today, we have invited Dr. Cao Xiufeng, a special oncologist of Kangda Hospital, a professor of Nanjing Medical University and a doctoral supervisor, the chief expert of esophageal cancer treatment in Jiangsu Province, to talk about the key to cure tumor in three early stages. Professor Cao, what do you mean by the three early stages of tumor treatment? Cao: Good morning, everyone, the three early stages of tumor are early detection, early diagnosis and early treatment. Moderator: Why do you say that the key to cure tumor is in three early stages? Cao: At present, the etiology of tumor has not been fully researched, and more than 80% of patients with symptoms come to the hospital for treatment are middle and late stage cancer. No matter what treatment method is adopted, the 5-year survival rate does not exceed 20%. On the contrary, the surgical cure rate of early stage cancer is over 90%. Besides, the treatment of early stage cancer is less traumatic, less painful and less costly. On the contrary, patients with advanced cancer are more traumatic, more painful and more costly. Take esophageal cancer as an example, early-stage cancer can be cured by mucosal peeling or resection or freezing or cautery under endoscopy. Generally, it can be solved with about 10,000 RMB. In contrast, open-chest surgery used to remove a rib, but nowadays it often breaks a rib without cutting it, and more than 80% of patients have to undergo adjuvant radiotherapy before or after surgery, which costs about 300,000 RMB for the whole course of treatment. Moderator: How can we achieve three early? Cao: One is to rely on the government-led tumor early diagnosis and treatment medical program for screening; the other is to rely on patients to seek medical consultation when they have early warning signs of tumor. At the end of 1995, the central government allocated funds to carry out early diagnosis and treatment of tumors in China. The first three sites in Jiangsu have now been extended to the whole country. At present, the mature early diagnosis program includes eight major tumors such as esophageal cancer, stomach cancer, colorectal cancer, nasopharyngeal cancer, lung cancer, breast cancer, cervical cancer and liver cancer. For esophageal and gastric cancers, there are 700,000 cases of free gastroscopy screening nationwide each year, 20,000 cases in Jiangsu province, distributed in 12 counties and cities. Its biopsy after using 1.5% Lugol’s iodine staining can detect the reserve population of esophageal cancer 5-15 years in advance, and with minimally invasive treatment under endoscopy, it can interrupt the process of esophageal cancer, effectively protect the labor force, reduce the incidence of esophageal cancer, save medical resources, and prevent the people from becoming poor and returning to poverty due to illness. Moderator: Knowing that this is a government-led project of early diagnosis and treatment of eight tumors for residents, it is said that besides the examination items are free of charge, the reimbursement of treatment cost is also included in the scope of reimbursement for major diseases. In short, it means that patients spend less money. So, Professor Cao, can you please tell us what are the warning signs of cancer? What kind of situation should we go to the doctor when we encounter in our daily life? Cao: Many cancers have precancerous lesions or pre-cancerous diseases for a longer period of time before the onset of cancer, and if we can see an experienced specialist early, we can avoid delaying the diagnosis. These symptoms include: 1. unexplained cough, or blood in sputum, or blood in nasal mucus should exclude lung cancer or nasopharyngeal cancer; 2. long-term irregular pain behind the sternum or in the upper abdomen should exclude esophageal cancer and gastric cancer; 3. long-term irregular stool or pus and blood stool or abdominal pain should exclude colorectal cancer; 4. previous history of hepatitis B with cirrhosis and frequent alcohol abuse should alert to liver cancer; 5. progressive enlargement of lumps in the breast 6. Repeated irregular vaginal bleeding, especially bleeding after lovemaking, should alert to cervical cancer or endometrial cancer; 7. Progressive enlargement of nodes or lumps in any part of the body should alert to malignant transformation of metastatic lymph nodes or benign tumors; 8. Sudden enlargement and deepening of pigmentation of black pigmented nevi in any part of the body should alert to malignant melanoma; 9. Unexplained wasting Weakness should exclude malignant tumor in a certain area. Moderator: We know that the above symptoms should be seen in time to avoid delaying the diagnosis and treatment in daily life. Cao: As mentioned before: the exact cause of cancer is not yet clear, but it is generally believed that the following aspects should be paid attention to, which can definitely reduce the incidence of tumor. 1. Quit smoking. From patients suffering from lung cancer, smokers are 30-100 times more than non-smokers, especially passive smoking is more harmful. 2, avoid eating or eat less smoked, pickled, nitrate, barbecue food. Because the nitrite in these foods can be reduced to nitrosamines in the stomach, long-term stimulation of the gastric mucosa has increased the risk of gastric cancer. The benzylamine in barbecue food has increased the risk of colorectal cancer. These foods can cause mechanical damage to the esophagus and gastrointestinal tract and increase the risk of upper gastrointestinal cancer. 4.Avoid long-term overwork and mental stimulation, which can cause damage to immune system, and make the positive not prevail over the evil, and make the patient prone to cancer. 5. Patients with family history of tumor should pay more attention to regular screening. Moderator: Today we learned from Prof. Cao Xiufeng’s special interview that the key to cure tumor is in three early stages, what are the “three early stages” of tumor, why early detection, early diagnosis, early treatment and what are the warning signals of tumor. If there are these signals, one should seek for a specialist in time to rule out the possibility of cancer, so as not to delay the diagnosis and treatment.